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SEM -Bacteriology > Gram-negative > Flashcards

Gram-negative Flashcards

1
Q

One of the first steps in identifying an unknown bacterium

A

Gram Stain

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2
Q

Appear as rods

A

Enterpbacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp.

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3
Q

Gram negative cocci

A

Nesseria spp and Moraxella catarrhalis

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4
Q

Oval coccobacilli

A

Haemophilus spp, Francisella spp and Acinetobacter spp

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5
Q

Large, moist and grow well on TSA with 5% sheep blood after 24hr of incubation

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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6
Q

Smaller but distinct colonies after 24hr

A

Neisseria spp

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7
Q

May require 48hr or more of incubation before growth is evident

A

Non fermentative gram negative rods and fastidious fermenters

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8
Q

Presence of clearing of the red blood cells around the colonies (B-hemolysis) on Blood agar

A

(EP MAN) E. Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Aeromonas hydrophila, commensal Neisseria spp

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9
Q

Only partial hemolysis of the cells, forming a greenish discoloration(a-hemolysis) around the colony

A

Eikenella corodens and Alcaligenes faecalis

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10
Q

“Swarming” edges that can spread to cover the entire plate

A

Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris

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11
Q

Bioluminescent

A

Photorhabdus spp.

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12
Q

Parasite associated with Photorhabdus

A

Nematodes

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13
Q

Yellow-orange pigment

A

Carotenoids

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14
Q

Violet or purple

A

Violacein

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15
Q

Red, maroon or yellow pigment

A

Phenazines

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16
Q

True or Flase: Carotenoids, Violacein and Phenazines are water soluble?

A

True

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17
Q

What are the composition of a media that detects pigment production?

A
  1. ) special peptones

2. ) inc. conc. of magnesium and sulfate ion

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18
Q

Pigment can also be observed in growth on TSA with?

A

Brain heart infusion agar
Loeffler’s agar
5% sheep blood agar
(BLS)

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19
Q

Bacterias with yellow pigment?

A

Enterobacter spp, Chryseobacterium,
Agrobacterium spp and Phingomonas spp
(E-CAP)

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20
Q

Bacterias with yellow-brown pigment?

A

Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia gladioli

21
Q

Bacteria with violet pigment?

A

Chromobacterium violaceum

22
Q

Bacterias with pink to red pigment?

A

Methylobacterium spp, Roseomonas spp, and some Serratia spp.
(MRS)

23
Q

Bacteria that produces pyoverdin and pyocyanin pigment?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

24
Q

Water-soluble and diffusible pigment

A

Pyocyanin and Pyoverdin

25
Q

sugar that is fermented in MacConkey Agar?

A

Lactose

26
Q

Bacteria that grows in MacConkey Agar for 24hr-48hr

A

Enterobacteriaceae spp.

27
Q

Bacteria that take up to 7 days of incubation for growth to appear in MacConkey Agar?

A

Fastidious fermenters and Nonfermentative gram-negative

28
Q

Inability to grow on MacConkey Agar?

A

most Moraxella spp. and most of Neisseria spp

29
Q

Gram-neg organisms that ferment lactose and have purple colonies as the neutral red indicator changes due to production of gas

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli

30
Q

Do not ferment lactose and appear colorless or transparent on MacConkey Agar?

A

Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.

31
Q

Have acid reaction with often gas production after 24 hr incubation at 35-37 degree Celsius on Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar

A

Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas

32
Q

Have weak acid reaction that may take up to 48hr to appear and will have no gas production on TSI agar

A

Fastidious fermentative gram-negative rods
Eikenella
Pasturella
(FEP)

33
Q

No color change on TSI medium or will produce a pink, alkaline reaction as the bacteria break down the peptones in agar base

A

Pseudomonas
Moraxella
Nonfermentative gram-negative (PMN)

34
Q

Negative for Oxidase

A

all members of Enterobacteriaceae

35
Q

A member of enterobacteriaceae that is positive for oxidase

A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

36
Q

Positive for oxidase?

A

(CNA MVP)
Campylobacter
Neisseria
Aeromonas

Moraxella
Vibrio
Pseudomonas spp.

37
Q

Spp that can be distinguished from other similar non fermentatice gram-negative rods by negative oxidase reaction

A

Acinetobacter

38
Q

Reason why medium containing whole blood should not be used for catalase?

A

RBCs have catalase that can cause false positive result

39
Q

Why is Chocolate Agar used for catalase test?

A

Because RBCs have been destroyed while preparing the media

40
Q

Spp with catalase positive?

A

Moraxella spp

Fastidious fermenters

41
Q

Spp which is catalase negative

A

Kingella spp.

42
Q

What bacteria is strongly positive in catalase test when used with 30% hydrogen peroxide(superoxol)?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

43
Q

Citrate Negative

A

Shigella spp.
Escherichia coli
Moraxella spp.
(SEM)

44
Q

Citrate positive

A

many Enterobacteriaceae

45
Q

Consistently positive for citrate utilization?

A

Alcaligenes faecalis

Achromobacter xylosoxidans

46
Q

A positive citrate reaction helps distinguish ____ and _____

A

Roseomonas gilardii and Methylobacterium spp.

47
Q

Indole positive

A

E.coli
Cardiobacterium hominis
Chryseobacterium indologenes
Nonfermentative gram-negative rods

48
Q

What will be added to Ehrlich’s reagent for weakly reacting nonfermenters and fastidious organisms for Indole production?

A

1% p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

SEM -Bacteriology (4 decks)

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