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Diagnostic Microbiology > Gram Neg Bacilli > Flashcards

Gram Neg Bacilli Flashcards

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1
Q

does klebsiella ferment lactose?

A

yes

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2
Q

is klebsiella motile

A

no

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3
Q

what antigens does klebsiella have?

A

O and K

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4
Q

what infections are caused by klebsiella?

A

pneumonia, UTI, sepsis, meningitis, diarrhoea

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5
Q

what are the majority of klebsiella infections caused by?

A

pneumonia, oxytoca

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6
Q

what are two main species of salmonella?

A

enterica and bongori

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7
Q

are salmonella; lactose fermenting, motile, spore forming?

A

non lactose fermenting
motile
non spore forming

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8
Q

what antigens do salmonella have?

A

O and H antigens

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9
Q

what is caused by salmonella enterica ?

A

typhoid fever

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10
Q

what can typhoid fever lead to?

A

small intestine perforation

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11
Q

what is salmonella incubated in for enrichment?

A

selenite broth

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12
Q

what agar is used for salmonella identification?

A

MacConkey

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13
Q

what tests are performed on salmonella

A

API20e and serovar testing

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14
Q

what is one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea?

A

shigella

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15
Q

is shigella lactose fermenting, motile, sporing?

A

non lactose fermenting,
non sporing
non motile

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16
Q

what family is shigella from?

A

enterobacteriaceae

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17
Q

how many shigella cells cause infection?

A

100

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18
Q

what agar is used for shigella?

A

macconkey

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19
Q

what test does not work for shigella

A

API20E

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20
Q

what is XLD agar?

A

xylose - lysine - desoxycholate agar

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21
Q

does shigella ferment xylose?

A

no

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22
Q

what is the inhibitor in XLD agar?

A

sodium desoxycholate - inhibits coliforms

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23
Q

what does salmonella do to lysine?

A

decarboxylates it making alkaline pH

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24
Q

what does salmonella and shigella look like on XLD

A

shigella colourless

salmonella black - H2S

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25
Q

what do red colonies on XLD indicate?

A

lactose fermenters that do not produce H2S

26
Q

is salmonella shigella agar differential or selective?

A

both

27
Q

what is SS agar a modification of?

A

DCA agar

28
Q

what ibhibits gpos and colifrosm in ss agar?

A

brilliant green. bile salts, thiosulphate and citrate

29
Q

what is an indicator of sulphide production?

A

thiosulfate turns black

30
Q

what carb is in SS agar?

A

lactose

31
Q

does proteus ferment lactose?

A

no

32
Q

what is a virulence factor of proteus?

A

urease, flagella - swarming

33
Q

what are the 4 pathotypes of e coli??

A

enteropathogenic
enterotoxigenic
enteroinvasive
enterohemorrhagic

34
Q

what is EPEC associated with?

A

infant diarrhoea

35
Q

what is ETEC associated with?

A

travellers diarrhoea

36
Q

what plasmid encoded toxins are produced in ETEC?

A

a) heat labile adenyl cyclase activated

b) heat stable guanylate cyclase activated

37
Q

what does adenyl cyclase do

A

produce cAMP and increase water and ion secretion

38
Q

what does guanylate cyclase do

A

inhibits ionic uptake from gut

39
Q

what is EIEC associated with

A

dysentery

40
Q

what is EHEC associated with?

A

vertotoxins 1 and or 2

haemorragic collitis and HUS

41
Q

what toxin does O157H7 produce?

A

shiga toxin

42
Q

how many e coli O157H7 cells cause infection

A

50

43
Q

how is O157H7 enriched and isolated?

A

dynabeads

  • enrichment broth and stomacher
  • immunomagnetic separation
  • magenti beads coated with o157 antibody
  • bound ecoli at bottom
44
Q

what issue does the dynabead system have

A

not completely specific - false positives

45
Q

what selective media is used for e coli o175h7 ?

A

macconkey agar with sorbitol, cefiximes and tellurite

46
Q

what is a key characteristic of e coli o157h7 from other e coli?

A

cannot ferment sorbitol

47
Q

what inhibitors are used in macconkey for ecoli ID?

A

cefixime (antibiotic) and tellurite inhibits other e coli strains

48
Q

how does e coli o157h7 appear on macconkey with sorbitol?

A

pale colonies

49
Q

example of chromogenic agar?

A

rainbow agar

50
Q

what chromogenic agar is used to ID e coli 157h7

A

rainbow agar

51
Q

what chromogenic substrates does rainbow agar have?

A

b galactosidase -blue black

b glucuronidase - red

52
Q

what colour colonies does o157h7 on rainbow agar

A

glucoronidase negative

black or grey

53
Q

what colour colonies non pathogenic e coli on rainbow agar

A

glucoronidase positive - pink purple blue

54
Q

what are the antigens

A

O - somatic - LPS
H - flagellar
K - capsular

55
Q

do ecoli ferment lactose, spores, motile?

A

lactose fermenters
non spore forming
motile

56
Q

e coli oxidase and catalase?

A

oxidase neg

catalase pos

57
Q

is macconkey agar selective or differential?

A

both

58
Q

what are the inhibitors in macconkey agar?

A

crystal violet and bile salts

inhibit gram pos

59
Q

what colour does lactose fermenters grow on macconkey agar

A

dark pink

60
Q

what are the agars used for differentiation of gram neg?

A

macconkey

eosin methylene blue

61
Q

what is an inhibitor in EMB agar

A

methylene blue gram pos

62
Q

how does e coli appear on EMB agar?

A

green metallic

Diagnostic Microbiology (2 decks)

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