Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards
where does the renal artery enter and renal vein and ureter exit
hilum
what is cystitis?
inflammation of the bladder
what are most common UTI pathogens?
E coli, s saprophyticus, ps aeruginosa, proteus klebsiella,, s aureus
how many WBC in normal urine sample?
<10 wbc/cmm
what are casts composed of?
cylindrical mucoprotein
what agar is used for urine analysis?
CLED
what does CLED stand for?
cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient medium
is CLED selective or differential?
differential
what does electrolyte deficient media do?
prevent proteus swarming
what indicator is in CLED?
Bromophenol blue
what colour to bromophenol blue chan in lactose fermentation?
yellow - acid production
what will grow yellow on CLED?
coliforms - lactose fermenters
GNB - e coli, enterobacter, klebsiella
GPos -s aureus, s sapro, entero, strep
what will grow blue on CLED?
non lactose fermenters
p aeruginosa, mirabolis
what test in used on non lactose fermenting GNB?
oxidase test
what is carried out on samples over 50 WBC?
first line AST testing
why would epithelial cells be seen in a sample
non mid stream
how is cast investigation carried out?
centrifuged, fast red counting chamber, dim microscope
what are the types of cast
hyaline, red cell, granular, WBC
what are normal crystals
ca oxalate, ca phosphate, triple phosphate, ca carbonate
what are abnormal crystals?
cholesterol, bilirubin, cysteine, leucine, tyrosine, sulfa
what type of AST method is used on UTI?
Kirby Bauer
what is kirby bauer AST?
make 0.5 McFarland standard
lawn of growth
place antibiotic disc, EUCAST guidelines
