Gram + cocci: Staphylococci Flashcards

1
Q

1) catalase + producing bacteria and facultatively anaerobic
2) non-motile, non-sporeforming, glucose fermenter
3) normal inhabitant of the skin, mucous membrane and intestine

A

Staphylococci

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2
Q

What is the family of staphylococci

A

Staphylococcaceae

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3
Q

Rare strains are fastidious requiring (3)

A

1) Carbin dioxide
2) hemin
3) menadione for growth

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4
Q

What are exempted staphylococci

A

1) S. saccharolyticus
2) S. aureus subspecies
3) S. anaerobius (obligate anaerobes, catalase negative)

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5
Q

What is microscopic appearance of to staphylococci?

A

Spherical cells that appear in clusters, some singly

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6
Q

Culture used on a staphylococci

A
  • BAP - colonies (4-8mm) on agar plate appear creamy, white or light gold
  • buttery looking
  • others have gray colonies
  • B-hemolytic (S. aureus) (complete clear zone)
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7
Q

It uses 0.04 units bacitracin; performed on BAP or MHA

A

Bacitracin

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8
Q

What is the results of bacitracin for Micrococci and Staphylococci?

A

Micrococci - susceptible

Staphylococci- resistant

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9
Q

Size of the result of Micrococci in the bacitracin

A

> or equal to 10 mm zone of inhibition

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10
Q

1) most virulent spp.
2) coagulase +
3) chiefly responsible for the various skin, wound and deep tissue infections due to trauma or abrasion to the skin or mucosal
4) furuncles and impetigo (boils/pigsa)

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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11
Q

3 types of nasal carriers associated with S. aureus

A

1) persistent carriers
2) intermittent carriers
3) noncarriers

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12
Q

A nasal carrier that harbor a single strain for a long time

A

Persistent carriers

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13
Q

A nasal carrier that harbor various strain overtime

A

Intermittent carriers

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14
Q

A nasal carrier that do not harbor any organism

A

Noncarriers

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15
Q

Associated diseases and infections in S. aureus (7)

A

1) toxin-induced disease (SSS or TSS)
2) bacteremia/sepsis
3) UTI
4) acute bacterial endocarditis
5) cutaneous infections
6) osteomyelitis
7) septic arthritis

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16
Q

1) a toxin-induced disease where there is an exfoliative dermatitis
2) primarily in newborns and previously healthy children

A

Scalded skin syndrome (SSS)

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17
Q

1) a toxin-induced disease that is rare but potentially fatal, multi system disease characterized by a sudden onset of FEVER, CHILLS, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, MUSCLE ACHES and RASH
2) can quickly progress to hypotension and shock

A

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

18
Q

5 cutaneous infections

A

1) folliculitis
2) furuncles (boils)
3) carbuncles
4) impetigo
5) purulent abscess

19
Q

A mild inflammation of hair follicles or sebaceous glands

A

Folliculitis

20
Q

1) are large, raised, superficial abscesses

2) can be an extension of folliculitis

21
Q

1) develop from multiple furuncles which may progress to deeper tissues
2) patients may have fever and chills (systemic infections)

A

Carbuncles

22
Q

1) is a superficial cutaneous infection characterized by CRUSTY LESION and VESICLES surrounded by a red border
2) common in children

23
Q

Secondary to bactemia

A

Osteomyelitis

24
Q

An associated disease/infection usually in children

A

Septic arthritis

25
Staphylococci patients are ______
Bleeders
26
12 enzymes and toxins produced by S. aureus
1) coagulase 2) hyaluronidase 3) staphylokinase 4) lipase 5) DNAse and Phosphatase 6) beta-lactamase 7) enterotoxins 8) leukocidin/Panton-Valentine Leukocidin 9) hemolysin 10) exfoliatin A and B/Epidermolytic toxin A and B 11) toxic shock syndrome 1 enterotoxin F/Pyogenic exotoxin 12) protein A
27
1) it coagulates the fibrinogen in plasma 2) promotes the formation of a fibrin layer around staphylococcal abscess thereby protecting the bacteria from phagocytosis 3) forms coagulase-CFR complex
Coagulase
28
What is the (+) result of the coagulase
Clumping/coagulates
29
A thermostable thrombin-like molecule that forms coagulase-CFR complex
Coagulase-reducing factor
30
2 type of coagulase
1) cell-bound/clumping factor | 2) unbound coagulase/free coagulase
31
1) is bound to the cell wall 2) causes bacterial cells to agglutinate in plasma 3) it clots human, rabbit or pig plasma
Cell bound coagulase/clumping factor
32
1) an extracellular enzyme not bound to the cell wall 2) cause clot formation when bacterial cells are incubated with plasma 3) free from cell wall
Unbound coagulase/free coagulase
33
1) it enhances invasion and survival in tissue 2) breaks down hyaluronic acid 3) bonds cells together and renders the intercellular spaces passable to pathogens
Hyaluronidase (spreading-factor enzyme)
34
1) opposite of coagulase | 2) fibrinolytic activity; dissolves fibrin clot
Staphylokinase (fibrinolysin)
35
1) produced by both coagulate + and coagulase - staphylococci 2) essential for survival in sebaceous areas of the body 3) important in the formation of furuncles, carbuncles and boils
Lipase (fat-splitting enzyme)
36
1) it lowers viscosity of exudates, giving the pathogen more mobility 2) destroys DNA
DNAse and Phosphatase
37
1) breaks down penicillin and other beta-lactam drugs 2) 90% or more of clinical staphylococci isolates are resistant to penicillin as a result of enzyme production 3) cause resistance
Beta-lactamase
38
It inhibits cell wall synthesis
Beta-lactam
39
1) acts as neurotoxins that stimulates vomiting through the vagus nerve 2) produced by 30% to 50% of S. aureus isolates 3) superagents (TSST-1) that have the ability to interact with many T cells, activating an aggressive immune response
Enterotoxins (heat-stable)
40
1) stable to heating at 100 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes 2) resistant to hydrolysis by gastric and jejune like enzymes 3) do not cause odor, change in appearance or taste 4) found in milk products (enterotoxin B)
Enterotoxin
41
T or F: reheating contaminated food will not prevent disease
True
42
A Greek word meaning "bunches of grapes"
Staphle