Antimicrobials (antibiotics) Flashcards
Examples of Antimicrobial drugs that are Narrow-spectrum and effective against a limited number of pathogens
- bacitracin
- clindamycin
- dapsone
- erythromycin
- gentamicin
- isoniazid
- penicillin
- polymyxin B
- vancomycin
Examples of Antimicrobial drugs that are Broad-spectrum and destroy diff kinds of organisms
- ampicillin
- cephalosporins
- chloramphenicol
- ciprofloxacin
- rifampicin
- sulfonamide
- trimethoprim
- tetracycline
Classifications of chemotherapeutic agents like antibacterial drugs
- natural
- semisynthetic
- synthetic
Drugs that are produced by bacteria or fungi?
Ex: streptomycin, tetracycline, vancomycin
Natural drugs
Drugs that are chemically modified natural drugs with added extra chemical groups?
Ex: ampicillin, carbenicillin, methicillin
Semisynthetic drugs
Chemically produced drugs
Ex: sulfonamide, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, isoniazid
Synthetic drugs
These are antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial growth but generally do not kill the organism
Bacteriostatic agents
Antimicrobial agents that usually kill organisms; used for life threatening infections
Bacteriocidal agents
Lowest concentration of a drug that inhibits bacterial growth
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
Lowest a concentration of drug that kills bacterial growth
Minimal Lethal Concentration (MLC)
Ratio of toxic dose to the therapeutic dose
Therapeutic index
T or F: the higher the therapeutic index, the more effective the chemotherapeutic agent
True
These are enzymes (transpeptidase or transglycolase) that mediate peptidoglycan cross-linking; with reduced affinity for B-lactam antibiotics
Penicillin-binding proteins
1) DNA elements that encode transposition and excision functions.
2) capable of carrying antibiotic resistance genes among and between plasmids and the chromosome
Transposons
Genetic elements capable of integrating genes (cassettes) by an integron encoded site-specific recombinase
Integrons
