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Logan Step 1 High Yield > Gram + Bugs > Flashcards

Gram + Bugs Flashcards

1
Q

4 bugs w/ beta hemolytic light bulb + name how you identify one from the other

A
  1. Staph aureus - Moses holding light bulb
    - Cat +, coag +
  2. Strep pyogenes (Grp A) - light bulb keeping pie warm
    - Cat -, bacitracin sensitive
  3. Strep agalactiae (Grp B) - light bulb on space tent
    - Cat -, bac resistant
  4. Listeria - light bulb on top of xmas tree
    - GP ROD!!
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2
Q

2 bugs are alpha hemolytic - what are they and how do you tell them apart?

A

Alpha = partial hemolysis, looks green on plates
Strep pneumo - chin exposed in armor suit (optochin sensitive)
Strep viridans - jester’s chin covered by mask

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3
Q

What makes MRSA resistant to methicillin and nafcillin?

A

Altered penicillin binding protein

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4
Q

Name the 3 toxins and their diseases produced by S.aureus

A
  1. TSST -> toxic shock syndrome
    - Think about it, SA is a normal skin colonizer (why also get jt infections) and this is why you can get it from tampons -> TSS
  2. Exfolative toxin -> scalded skin syndrome
  3. Eat pre-formed enterotoxin -> rapid onset food poisoning
    - Heat stable (survives cooking)
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5
Q

Explain TSS + symptoms

A 
TSST binds MHC2 and T cell receptor
Resulting polycolonal T cell activation 
SYMPTOMS
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Rash // desquamation 
- End organ failure
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6
Q

What is the difference between TSS caused by S.aureus and S.pyogenes

A

Pyogenes has painful skin infection too!

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7
Q

Why does it make sense that S.aureus makes abscesses?

A

Coag +!!!

Fibrin clot around itself -> abscess

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8
Q

S.sapro disease

A

UTI

2nd behind E.Coli

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9
Q

MOPS mnemonic for S.pneumo diseases

A

Meningitis
Otitis media
Pna - rust colored mucus
Sinusitis

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10
Q

2 diseases caused by strep viridans

A

Tooth decay b/c colonize the mouth

Subacute endocarditis - valves have to be pre-damaged

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11
Q

J

A

Joints - arthritis in multiple jts

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12
Q

Describe the likelihood of developing rheumatic fever and/or glomerulonephritis after S. pyogenes pharyngitis vs impetigo.

A

Impetigo more likely to cause glomeulonephritis

Pharyngitis can result in EITHER

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13
Q

Titer to test for recent S.pyogenes infection

A

ASO titer

= ASO Abs vs stroptolysin O (virulence factor)

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14
Q

What are the Ab you make against S.pyogenes?

A

Ab vs M protein

Enhances host defenses but can give risk to rheumatic fever

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15
Q

Presentation of Scarlet fever

A

Scarlet rash - sand paper texture
Strawberry tongue
Pallor
Desquamation

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16
Q

Where does S.agalactiae colonizes the body? What do you do about it?

A

Vagina
- Baby pna + meningitis
Screen preggos @ 35 wks
+ penicillin

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17
Q

Why are there camping tents in the S.agalactiae sketchy?

A

Bacteria makes CAMP factor

Enlarges zone of B hemolysis

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18
Q

3 infections due to enterococci

A

UTI
Biliary tree
Endocarditis after GI/GU procedures

19
Q

What is VRE

A

Vanco resistant enterococci

20
Q

Explain why you might get endocarditis if you have colon cancer?

A

Colon cancer -> increases risk of S.bovis bacteremia -> endocarditis
“Bovis in the blood = cancer in the colon”

21
Q

4 types of clostridium

A

C.tetani
C.boltulinum
C.perfringens
C.diff

22
Q

Tetanus pathophys

A

Puncture wound - spore in
Bacteria move retrograde to spinal cord via motor neurons
Tetanospasmin toxin @ Renshaw cells = interneurons
- Cleave SNARE
- No release GABA + glycine
Net: no inhibition of motor neurons

23
Q

What is the tetanus vaccine?

A

Toxoid vaccine = Abs vs the toxin (tetanospasmin) not the bacteria!

24
Q

What food gives boltulism to babies? What form of the bacteria do you ingest?

A

HONEY

Ingest PREFORMED toxin!!!

25
Q

How does botulism toxin work?

A

X ACh release at NMJ

Flaccid paralysis

26
Q

C.perfringens toxin + resulting disease

A

Alpha toxin -> double zone of hemolysis on plates

Gas gangrene

27
Q

C.diff toxin A vs B

A

A - enterotoxin - intestine brush border - cell death -> watery diarrhea
B - cytotoxin that depol enterocytes -> death -> pseudomembranes -> colitis

28
Q

2 antibiotics that most increase your risk of C.diff

A

Clindamycin

Ampicillin

29
Q

What is the only bacteria with a polypeptide capsule (contains D glutamate)?

A

Bacillus anthracis

D on the viking armor

30
Q

Cutaneous anthrax

A

= black eschar

Painless but can progress to bacteremia -> death

31
Q

Pulm anthrax

A

Cause you inhaled it

Flu like -> pulm hemorrhage, mediatinitis, shock

32
Q

Treat anthrax

A

Fluro
Doxy
The shields in the back on ship

33
Q

You didn’t properly reheat rice and now you have N&V + diarrhea. What’s the bug?

A

B.cereus (think asian man saying this)

You ate the spores!

34
Q

People you’re worried about getting listeria

A

Pregnant - spont abortion
Babies - meningitis
Elderly // IC pts - meningitis
Not worried abt normal people b/c get gasterenteritis that resolves on own

35
Q

Pathophys of listeria

A

Intracell
Rocket tails via actin polymerization
Intracell movement + cell-cell spread
Avoids antibodies

36
Q

Disease + treatment for actinomyces vs nocardia

A 
Actinomyces - oral/facial abscesses draining sulfur granules via sinus tracts
Nocardia - IC pulm infection
SNAP 
Sulonamides - nocardia
Acintomyces - penicillin
37
Q

+ PPD test

A

Current TB infection
Past exposure
False positive if BCG vaccine

38
Q

What is the Ghon complex?

A

Sign of 1ary TB infection

  1. Hilary lymphadenopathy
  2. Ghon focus @ low/mid lungs
39
Q

Where in the lungs does TB usually reactivate?

A

UPPER LOBES

40
Q

What is TB in the vertebrae called?

A

Potts disease

41
Q

Describe common Leprosy distribution on the body

A

Glove and stocking

Loss of sensation

42
Q

Leprosy reservoir

A

Armadillos

43
Q

Lepromatous vs tuberculoid leprosy

A

Lepromatous - all over lesions, Th2 response

Tuberculoid - few hairless skin plaques, Th1 response

Logan Step 1 High Yield (7 decks)

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