Grade 9; Ecology Test

Question 1

what are the four spheres and how are they related?

Answer 1

biosphere, lithosphere , hydrosphere and atmosphere
bc the dead animals are descomposed, and the nutrients now form part of the lithosphere.
The animal breathing changes the atmosphere.
The animal blood or waste can change the hydrosphere

A change in the biosphere, litosphere, atmosphere or hydrosphere can make another change in biosphere
A change in atmosphere (higher temperature) can evaporate the water, kill the animals and plants and changes in temperature (heat and cold) can break stones (lithosphere)

Question 2

Define atmosphere

Answer 2

the layer of gases extending upward for hundreds of kilometers.

Question 3

Define lithosphere

Answer 3

rocky outer shell of the earth, contains rocksand minerals that make up mountains, ocean floors and solid landscapes

Question 4

define biosphere

Answer 4

location in which life can exist within the other 3 spheres

Question 5

define hydrosphere

Answer 5

contains all the water on, above or below Earths surface

Question 6

What is the atmosphere made out of

Answer 6

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and the remaining 1% is argon, water vapour, helium, carbon dioxide and other gases

Question 7

how thick is the lithosphere

Answer 7

50-150km

Question 8

where is nearly all of the earths water contained?

Answer 8

oceans (97%)

Question 9

Thinest sphere?

Answer 9

biosphere

Question 10

What is the Gaia Hypothesis

Answer 10

suggest that the Earth behaves like a living organism and responds to changes in its environment.

Question 11

What did james lovelock propose

Answer 11

that the earth could maintain CONSISTENT INTERNAL CONDITIONS over long time periods

Question 12

why is the atmosphere critical to life on earth

Answer 12

atmosphere protects us from sun/radiation/objects
so we can breathe
affects gravitiy

Question 13

5 locations that are included in the Hydrosphere

Answer 13

rivers, lakes, oceans, ponds, ice caps

Question 14

define abiotic factor

Answer 14

non-living components of a system

Question 15

define biotic factor

Answer 15

anything considered living

Question 16

define food chain

Answer 16

energy transfer from one organism to another in a line

Question 17

define food web

Answer 17

energy transfer from one organism to multiple other, more complex and realistic then a food chain

Question 18

define tropic level

Answer 18

any class of organisms that occupy the same position in a food chain, as primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers

Question 19

define bioaccumilation

Answer 19

the build up of persistent toxins in a food chain

Question 20

define ecology

Answer 20

the relationships between a group of living things and their environment

Question 21

define ecosystem

Answer 21

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Question 22

whats the word equations for photosythesis

Answer 22

energy (sun) + water + carbon dioxide = gloucose and oxygen

Question 23

what process allows light energy to be converted into chemical energy?

Answer 23

cellular resperation (ATP)

Question 24

what is an ecological niche?

Answer 24

the function a species serves in its environment, including what is eats, what eats it and how It behaves

Question 25

where does all the energy from the earth come from

Answer 25

THE SUN!

Question 26

what is a species tolerance range

Answer 26

the ABIOTIC conditions which a speices can survive

Question 27

give examples of predation

Answer 27

lion eats a antelope

Question 28

give examples of commensalism

Answer 28

shark and jack, jack uses shark as a blind to attack its prey, shark get nothing

Question 29

give examples of mutalism

Answer 29

alligator and egypatian plover

Question 30

give examples of competition

Answer 30

fisherman and shark, both want fish

Question 31

examples of parasitism

Answer 31

fleas on dogs

Question 32

what is carrying capacity

Answer 32

maximum population size of a particular species that an ecosystem can sustain

Question 33

what are 2 aquatic ecosystems broken down into

Answer 33

fresh water and marine

Question 34

Fresh water systems can be…

Answer 34

oligotrophic (low in nutrients) eutrophic (high in nutrients)

Question 35

Define biodiversity

Answer 35

the variety of life in a particular ecosystem, measured by a species richness

Question 36

What is species richness?

Answer 36

the number of a species in an area

Question 37

a diverse ecosystem has a _____ species richness

Answer 37

high

Question 38

Define invasive species

Answer 38

a non-native species whos international or accidental introduction NEGATIVLY impacts the natural enviorment (kane toads, silver carp)

Question 39

what are the three types of control mechanisms

Answer 39

chemical; using chemicals
Mechanical; physical barriers
biological; intro new species

Question 40

special parts of the organism used to perform the process

Answer 40

p; chlorophyll cr; mitochondria

Question 41

final products by other organisms

Answer 41

p: food cr; co2 for plants and energy growth

Question 42

how does nitrogen gas go back into the soil

Answer 42

nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria, x rays and ultraviolet lights.

Question 43

how does nitrogen get from soil to animals

Answer 43

its absorbed by plants which are then eaten by animals and then passed down the food chain and go back into the soil in forms for urea or ammonia

Question 44

define limiting factor

Answer 44

any factor that restricts the size of a population

Question 45

what are Canada’s 5 main forest biome

Answer 45

tundra, boreal forest, grassland, temperate deciduous forest, mountain forest

Question 46

what is a watershed

Answer 46

the land area drained by a particular river, also called a drainage basin