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Science > Grade 9 astromony test > Flashcards

Grade 9 astromony test Flashcards

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1
Q

define Astronomical Unit

A

approx. 150 million km; distance from earth to sun

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2
Q

define Astronomy

A

the scientific study of whats beyond earth

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3
Q

Define Black hole

A

an extremely dense quantity of matter in space from which no light or matter can escape

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4
Q

define comet

A

a chunk of ice and dust that travels in an long orbit around the sun

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5
Q

define costellation

A

a grouping of stars seen from earth

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6
Q

define eclipse

A

a darkening of a celestial object to the postion of another celestial object

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7
Q

what is the sun

A

a medium sized star

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8
Q

what is a planet

A

a large celestial object that travels around a star

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9
Q

what are the 8 planets that travel in our solar system in order

A 
mercury
venus
earth
mars
jupiter
saturn
Uranus 
neptune
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10
Q

What are the terms of a planet

A

size, composition, atmosphere, length of day

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11
Q

are planets luminous

A

no, the refect light, they do not give off light

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12
Q

what is a moon

A

a satellite , 4 times smaller then earth

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13
Q

what is a galaxy

A

a huge collection of stars, gas, dust and planets

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14
Q

what is our galaxy

A

the milky way

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15
Q

where are the dwarf planets

A

a region of outer solar system known as Kuiper belt

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16
Q

composition of asteroid belt and location

A

rock and metal, orbits around mars and jupiter

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17
Q

what are meteor/ids/ites made of

A

a piece of rock or metal

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18
Q

What was the theory called that believed that earth was the center of the solar system

A

geocentric

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19
Q

Our current model of the solar system is called

A

heliocentic

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20
Q

who proved the heliocentric model?

A

Galileo Galiee

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21
Q

Why do we have day and night on earth

A

because of the rotation of the earth

22
Q

why do we have seasons?

A

because of the axis earth is on

23
Q

what is a solstice

A

an astronomical event that occurs 2 times each year when the tilt of the earths axis is most inclined toward or away from the sun , causing the position of the sun in the sky to appear to reach its northernmost or southern most extreme

24
Q

whats an equinox

A

the time of year when the hours of daylight equal the hours of darkness

25
Q

In 120000 years which star will the earth be pointing to

A

Vegas

26
Q

What is retrograde motion

A

the apparent motion of an object in the sky, usually a planet, from east to west, rather than its normal motion from west to east.

27
Q

what rays does the sun give off

A

electromagnetic waves, consist of X-rays, Gamma Rays and visible light rays.

28
Q

What is nuclear fusion

A

is the process where two atoms of hydrogen fuse together to form an atom of heluim

29
Q

what are the 6 layers of the sun

A

thermonuclear core, radioactive zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona

30
Q

which is the hottest part of the sun

A

core

31
Q

coldest part of the sun

A

corona

32
Q

how many days does it take for the sun to make one full revolution

A

25 days

33
Q

define sunspots

A

Darker cooler area’s on the photosphere cause by the disturbances in the suns magnetic field.

34
Q

define solar flare

A

found near sunspots, release of large quantities of gas & charged particles.

35
Q

Define solar prominence

A

slow, low energy, gas ejection zones traveling through the corona

36
Q

how much is one au

A

150000000km

37
Q

what is a lunar eclipse

A

when the sun, earth and moon are alined and the earth casts a shadow over the moon.

38
Q

whats a solar eclipse

A

when the moon is the in middle casting a shadow on the earth

39
Q

where are high tides

A

facing the moon and oppisate of the moon

40
Q

where are low tides

A

on the opisate 2 sides of the moon

41
Q

what are the 8 phases of the moon in order

A

first quarter, waxing cresent, new, waning crescent, third quarter, waning gibbous, full , waxing gibbous

42
Q

what are the characteristics of stars

A

colour, temperature, size, and brightness

43
Q

whats the chemical compostion of most stars

A

helium

44
Q

what does hot colour mean

A

cold

45
Q

what does blue colour mean

A

hot

46
Q

what are the 2 factors to determine how bright a star looks from earth

A

apparent and absolute

47
Q

what does apparent mean

A

seen from earth

48
Q

what does absolute mean

A

brightness of a star would have if all stars were the same

49
Q

what are 2 things an astronomer measure to calculate a star/s absolute brightness

A

distance and luminosity

50
Q

a light year us equal to

A

9.46 x 10 to the power of 12 km

51
Q

how old is our sun

A

5 billion years old

52
Q

what are the 4 main types of galaxies

A

elliptical, spiral, lenticular, irregular

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