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Grade 11 study decks > Grade 11 biology (plants) > Flashcards

Grade 11 biology (plants) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of plants? (3 points)

A
  1. reproduce
  2. repair tissues
  3. grow + excrete waste
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2
Q

What is the cellular respiration process?

What is the purpose of this process?

A

Food and oxygen release energy which then forms carbon dioxide, water and energy.

The purpose of this process is to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions.

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3
Q

How is glucose produced?

A

By photosynthesis because plants are autotrophs (produce their own food)

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4
Q

What do tissues transport

What are these tissues NOT like?

A

Tissues transport nutrients and gases from the environment to cells.

These tissues are NOT like animal tissues.

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5
Q

What are the 2 main body systems plants have?

Provide a brief explanation.

A
  1. root
    They have structures that:
    - Anchor the plant
    - Absorb water + minerals from ground
    - Store food for later use
  2. shoot
    2 main functions:
    - Conducting photosynthesis
    - Reproduction
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6
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the shoot system?

Provide a brief explanation for each.

A
  1. flowers are capable of sexual reproduction
    - males produce pollen grains, while females accept pollen and ensure it fertilizes the egg to form the seeds
  2. leaves (used for photosynthesis)
    provide:
    - support
    - protection
    - attraction of pollinators
  3. stems
    - support
    - movement
    - transportation
    - storage
    - protection
    - photosynthesis
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7
Q

What are the 3 main parts of plant tissues?

A
  1. dermal tissues system
  2. vascular tissue system
  3. ground tissue system
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8
Q

What is dermal tissue?
(1 main part of plant tissues)

Explain a specialized epidermis.

A
  1. dermal tissue
    dermal tissue = epidermis (outermost layer of cells)

some plants have a specialized epidermis:

  1. roots = root hairs for water and mineral absorption
  2. leaves = cells that produce waxy layer called cuticle to prevent water loss
  3. cells = produce chemical irritants like poison ivy as defence
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9
Q

What are the three different male and female structures of plants?

A
  1. Hermaphroditic plant = bisexual plant with male and female structures
  2. Monoecious plant = separate male and female structures on the same plant
  3. Dioecious plant = completely separate male and female structures
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10
Q

What is stomata?

A

It allows gases and water to move in and out of the leaf. - They are controlled by guard cells (photosynthetic cells)

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11
Q

How do guard cells work on stomata?

A

Stomata are surrounded by 2 guard cells, they regulate transportation rates and loss of water through evaporation.

**Stomata will allow carbon dioxide in and oxygen out, then the guard cells have chlorophyll that produce sugar from the sun that causes water to move into the cells for the stomata to be open in daytime.

–> At night time the stomata are closed because the guard cells need the sun to produce sugar to allow water to move into the cells.

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12
Q

What is the function of the vascular tissue system?

A
  • Transportation of water, minerals, and glucose around the plant
  • Form a network of tubes connecting roots/stems, leaves and flowers
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13
Q

What are the 2 main types of vascular tissue?

A
  1. Xylem
  2. Phloem
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14
Q

What is the xylem vascular tissue?

What is its purpose?

A

Xylem vascular tissue transports water and dissolved minerals up from the roots through hollow tubes.

  • They are dead
  • They are like connected pathways
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15
Q

What are the 2 types of xylem cells?

A
  1. Tracheids
  2. Vessel elements
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16
Q

What is the phloem vascular tissue?

What is its purpose?

A

Phloem vascular tissue are made up of chains of cells called sieve like tube cells that allow flow of fluid through pores.

  • They are living
  • Purpose is to move sugar up and down in the plant
17
Q

What is ground tissue?

A

Ground tissue are also called packing peanuts because they are the filler between dermal and vascular tissue.

They preform the following functions:
–> Photosynthesize
–> Store carbohydrates
–> Storage/support for stems

18
Q

What are the 3 types of ground tissue?

A
  1. Parenchyma
  2. Collenchyma
  3. Sclerenchyma
19
Q

Name characteristics of parenchyma ground tissue (4):

A
  • No real function
  • Thin cell walls
  • Chloroplasts in leaves
  • Used for food storage
20
Q

Name characteristics of collenchyma ground tissue (4):

A
  • Unevenly thickened cell walls
  • Have chloroplasts
  • Strength and flexibility to growing parts of leaves and stems
  • food storage in root + fruits
21
Q

Name characteristics of sclerenchyma ground tissue (4):

Name one example.

A
  • lignin-rich, thick cell walls
  • grow and then die as a mature plant part
  • cell walls left behind form a skeleton (to provide support)
  • no cytoplasm when mature

ex. xylem cells

22
Q

Name the 2 types of plants, and how you can tell the difference between them.

A
  1. Monocot
  2. Dicot

You can tell the difference between then by their vascular tissues.

23
Q

What is the difference between monocot and dicot root vascular bundles?

A

Monocot= vascular bundles arranged in a ring on the inner side of the endodermis (epidermis is outer layer)

Dicot= vascular bundles arranged in an x formation with xylem in the centre and phloem on the tips of x.

24
Q

What is the difference between monocot and dicot stem vascular bundles:

A

Monocot= scattered throughout ground tissue
- no vascular cambium

Dicot= a ring of vascular bundles on the outer circumference of the stem
- with a vascular cambium

a vascular cambium is a layer of cells that divides the xylem and phloem.

25
Q

What are dermal tissues?

A

They are the outermost layer of tissues and equivalent to the epidermis. (outermost layer)

26
Q

What is the difference between monocot and dicot leaf vascular bundles?

A

Monocots= veins are parallel (parallel pattern)

Dicots= veins go in any direction (net pattern)

27
Q

What is the flower petal arrangement for monocots vs dicots?

A

Monocots= groups of 6 petal-like structures

Dicots= groups of 4-5 petals

28
Q

What is the number of cotyledons in monocots vs dicots?

A

Monocot= 1

Dicot= 2

29
Q

What process moves sugar into phloem cells?

Explain

A

Active transportation - concentration of water causing water to move into phloem cells from neighbourhood phloem cells by mitosis

  • therefore forcing sugar-water solution down the phloem pipeline

Grade 11 study decks (2 decks)

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