Grade 11 biology (plants) Flashcards
What is the function of plants? (3 points)
- reproduce
- repair tissues
- grow + excrete waste
What is the cellular respiration process?
What is the purpose of this process?
Food and oxygen release energy which then forms carbon dioxide, water and energy.
The purpose of this process is to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions.
How is glucose produced?
By photosynthesis because plants are autotrophs (produce their own food)
What do tissues transport
What are these tissues NOT like?
Tissues transport nutrients and gases from the environment to cells.
These tissues are NOT like animal tissues.
What are the 2 main body systems plants have?
Provide a brief explanation.
- root
They have structures that:
- Anchor the plant
- Absorb water + minerals from ground
- Store food for later use - shoot
2 main functions:
- Conducting photosynthesis
- Reproduction
What are the 3 main parts of the shoot system?
Provide a brief explanation for each.
- flowers are capable of sexual reproduction
- males produce pollen grains, while females accept pollen and ensure it fertilizes the egg to form the seeds - leaves (used for photosynthesis)
provide:
- support
- protection
- attraction of pollinators - stems
- support
- movement
- transportation
- storage
- protection
- photosynthesis
What are the 3 main parts of plant tissues?
- dermal tissues system
- vascular tissue system
- ground tissue system
What is dermal tissue?
(1 main part of plant tissues)
Explain a specialized epidermis.
- dermal tissue
dermal tissue = epidermis (outermost layer of cells)
some plants have a specialized epidermis:
- roots = root hairs for water and mineral absorption
- leaves = cells that produce waxy layer called cuticle to prevent water loss
- cells = produce chemical irritants like poison ivy as defence
What are the three different male and female structures of plants?
- Hermaphroditic plant = bisexual plant with male and female structures
- Monoecious plant = separate male and female structures on the same plant
- Dioecious plant = completely separate male and female structures
What is stomata?
It allows gases and water to move in and out of the leaf. - They are controlled by guard cells (photosynthetic cells)
How do guard cells work on stomata?
Stomata are surrounded by 2 guard cells, they regulate transportation rates and loss of water through evaporation.
**Stomata will allow carbon dioxide in and oxygen out, then the guard cells have chlorophyll that produce sugar from the sun that causes water to move into the cells for the stomata to be open in daytime.
–> At night time the stomata are closed because the guard cells need the sun to produce sugar to allow water to move into the cells.
What is the function of the vascular tissue system?
- Transportation of water, minerals, and glucose around the plant
- Form a network of tubes connecting roots/stems, leaves and flowers
What are the 2 main types of vascular tissue?
- Xylem
- Phloem
What is the xylem vascular tissue?
What is its purpose?
Xylem vascular tissue transports water and dissolved minerals up from the roots through hollow tubes.
- They are dead
- They are like connected pathways
What are the 2 types of xylem cells?
- Tracheids
- Vessel elements
What is the phloem vascular tissue?
What is its purpose?
Phloem vascular tissue are made up of chains of cells called sieve like tube cells that allow flow of fluid through pores.
- They are living
- Purpose is to move sugar up and down in the plant
What is ground tissue?
Ground tissue are also called packing peanuts because they are the filler between dermal and vascular tissue.
They preform the following functions:
–> Photosynthesize
–> Store carbohydrates
–> Storage/support for stems
What are the 3 types of ground tissue?
- Parenchyma
- Collenchyma
- Sclerenchyma
Name characteristics of parenchyma ground tissue (4):
- No real function
- Thin cell walls
- Chloroplasts in leaves
- Used for food storage
Name characteristics of collenchyma ground tissue (4):
- Unevenly thickened cell walls
- Have chloroplasts
- Strength and flexibility to growing parts of leaves and stems
- food storage in root + fruits
Name characteristics of sclerenchyma ground tissue (4):
Name one example.
- lignin-rich, thick cell walls
- grow and then die as a mature plant part
- cell walls left behind form a skeleton (to provide support)
- no cytoplasm when mature
ex. xylem cells
Name the 2 types of plants, and how you can tell the difference between them.
- Monocot
- Dicot
You can tell the difference between then by their vascular tissues.
What is the difference between monocot and dicot root vascular bundles?
Monocot= vascular bundles arranged in a ring on the inner side of the endodermis (epidermis is outer layer)
Dicot= vascular bundles arranged in an x formation with xylem in the centre and phloem on the tips of x.
What is the difference between monocot and dicot stem vascular bundles:
Monocot= scattered throughout ground tissue
- no vascular cambium
Dicot= a ring of vascular bundles on the outer circumference of the stem
- with a vascular cambium
a vascular cambium is a layer of cells that divides the xylem and phloem.
