Gracie - History Flashcards
Poll tax
fee paid to vote
Grandfather clause
southern voting law allowed voters whose grandfather had been a registered voter before Reconstruction started to be exempt from taking a literacy test to vote
Prejudice
an unfair belief or opinion in which a person judges another before knowing them
Discrimination
an action taken to treat someone unfairly
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court ruling in 1896 that legalized segregation and the Black Codes/Jim Crow laws of the states and local governments - “Separate, but Equal” - Homer Plessy lost his case before the Supreme Court. This allowed segregation until Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - early civil rights organization that worked to end Jim Crow laws and guarantee full access to civil rights granted by the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
Booker T. Washington
founder of the Tuskegee Institute; early civil rights activist who believed that African Americans had to achieve educational and economic equality before demanding political equality; had been born into slavery before the Civil War
W.E.B. Dubois
one of the founders of the NAACP; early civil rights activist who believed that African Americans needed to demand political equality first in order to guarantee the opportunity to achieve educational and economic equality, born fee in Massachusetts after the Civil War.
Frederick Douglass
Civil Rights activist who began calling for an end to slavery before the Civil War and later grew to become a powerful voice for human rights, civil liberties and equal voting rights for all people; men and women, all ethnic and racial groups, and immigrants.
Freedmen’s Bureau
federal agency from 1865-1872 that was meant to help recently freed people and others in the South after the end of the Civil War. It’s goal was to help provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land but the aims grew to include educational opportunities (built schools) and employment negotiations on behalf of displaced Southerners especially newly freed African Americans
13th Amendment
Freed the slaves
14th Amendment
Made citizens of the former slaves
15th Amendment
Gave freed male slaves the right to vote.
Compromise of 1877
effectively ended the last part of Reconstruction in the South by giving the presidency to Rutherford B. Hayes with an agreement that he would remove the last federal troops from the South.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
guaranteed citizenship and civil rights to African Americans, even if they had been enslaved. Also, it strengthened the federal government’s powers to enforce these laws granting civil rights.
