Gr9 Bio Review Flashcards
Biotic vs Abiotic with examples
Biotic= living, ex plants, animals, organisms, etc
Abiotic = non-living, ex, mountains, buildings, rocks, water, etc
What is a food chain and web
A food chain shows the feeding relationship among organisms starting with a producer
A food web shows complicated feeding relations of interconnected food chains
Explain 3 levels of consumers
Primary consumer - Always eats producer
Secondary - Feeds on primary
Tertiary - Feeds on secondary
What is a producer
They carry out photosynthesis to obtain energy
What is a autotroph
Organisms that make their own food
What is a heterotroph
Organisms that don’t produce own food
What is a herbivore
Eats only plants
What is a omnivore
Eats plants and animals, ex bear, many humans, etc
What is a carnivore
eats mainly meat
What is a scavenger
Carnivore that eats remains of dead animals, ex vultures
What are detritivores
feed on organic matter
What are decomposers
break down organic matter and release nutrients back into ecosystem, ex fungi, bacteria
Explain the energy pyramid
They show the amount of energy avaliable producers and consumers contain as energy flows through ecosystem
x0.10 going up chain (sun has most then producer, primary and so on)
About 90% is lost in transfer
When an animal eats:
60% cannot be accessed by the animal and passes out as waste
30% is used for celluar processes
10% used to make body tissues such as bones, muscles, fat
Layers of soil
Topsoil - humas (decaying organic matter), rock particles, organisms
Subsoil - compact, little organic material, roots and bacteria
Bedrock - solid rock, water cannot get in so water table forms above bedrock
Types of soil
Loam - best for agriculture, multi-sized particles- allow water and air flow, humus, drains without drying
Clay soil - very small particles, tightly packes, no air pockets so hard for roots, trapped water-soil is always wet
Sandy soil - large sand particles, large spaces for root growth and pockets, water drains fast and removes essential nutrients, less fertile then loam, near Great Lakes
Explain water cycle
Sun heats water and it evaporates into the atmosphere. As it cools it condensates to form clouds. Then it falls to Earth as precipitation (rain, snow, hail). As it hits the ground it runs-off and collects in bodies of water. Some water may soak in soil and seepage happens. It can also collect in underground lakes (aquifer). Some water can be taken up by plants. This can be released back into atmosphere by transpiration.
Explain nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen fixage
- Nitrogen fixing bacteria in soil
This converts nitrogen to ammonia. Nitrifying bacteria in soil converts ammonia to nitrites then nitrates. - Fixing in plants
Plants called legumes have nodules on their roots that have nitrogen fixing bacteria. So they can convert straight to nitrate - Lightning
combines nitrogen gas and oxygen in atmosphere to make nitrate. Only makes up 1% of nitrogen fixation.
Dentrifying bacteria converts nitrates back in nitrogen gas which returns to atmosphere
Explain carbon cycle
Photosynthesis
Sunlight hits Earth and absored by chlorophyll - a substance in plants that converts sunlight energy to chemical
Carbon dioxide + Water +Sunlight = Glucose + Oxygen
Cellular respiration
Process to obtain energy from glucose
Glucose + Oxygen = carbon dioxide + water +energy
Why is photosynthesis and cellular respiration complementary
They both need and rely on each other (can’t live without the other)
What is ecology
study of how organisms interact with each other in the environment
What are species
a group of similar organisms in an ecosystem. Member of same species can reproduce
What is population
A group of members of the same species that live in same area
What is community
Made up of populations of different species that live and interact in an area
What is niche
All the interactions of a given species within its ecosystem
