Gr9 Bio Review

Question 1

Biotic vs Abiotic with examples

Answer 1

Biotic= living, ex plants, animals, organisms, etc

Abiotic = non-living, ex, mountains, buildings, rocks, water, etc

Question 2

What is a food chain and web

Answer 2

A food chain shows the feeding relationship among organisms starting with a producer

A food web shows complicated feeding relations of interconnected food chains

Question 3

Explain 3 levels of consumers

Answer 3

Primary consumer - Always eats producer
Secondary - Feeds on primary
Tertiary - Feeds on secondary

Question 4

What is a producer

Answer 4

They carry out photosynthesis to obtain energy

Question 5

What is a autotroph

Answer 5

Organisms that make their own food

Question 6

What is a heterotroph

Answer 6

Organisms that don’t produce own food

Question 7

What is a herbivore

Answer 7

Eats only plants

Question 8

What is a omnivore

Answer 8

Eats plants and animals, ex bear, many humans, etc

Question 9

What is a carnivore

Answer 9

eats mainly meat

Question 10

What is a scavenger

Answer 10

Carnivore that eats remains of dead animals, ex vultures

Question 11

What are detritivores

Answer 11

feed on organic matter

Question 12

What are decomposers

Answer 12

break down organic matter and release nutrients back into ecosystem, ex fungi, bacteria

Question 13

Explain the energy pyramid

Answer 13

They show the amount of energy avaliable producers and consumers contain as energy flows through ecosystem

x0.10 going up chain (sun has most then producer, primary and so on)

About 90% is lost in transfer

When an animal eats:
60% cannot be accessed by the animal and passes out as waste
30% is used for celluar processes
10% used to make body tissues such as bones, muscles, fat

Question 14

Layers of soil

Answer 14

Topsoil - humas (decaying organic matter), rock particles, organisms

Subsoil - compact, little organic material, roots and bacteria

Bedrock - solid rock, water cannot get in so water table forms above bedrock

Question 15

Types of soil

Answer 15

Loam - best for agriculture, multi-sized particles- allow water and air flow, humus, drains without drying

Clay soil - very small particles, tightly packes, no air pockets so hard for roots, trapped water-soil is always wet

Sandy soil - large sand particles, large spaces for root growth and pockets, water drains fast and removes essential nutrients, less fertile then loam, near Great Lakes

Question 16

Explain water cycle

Answer 16

Sun heats water and it evaporates into the atmosphere. As it cools it condensates to form clouds. Then it falls to Earth as precipitation (rain, snow, hail). As it hits the ground it runs-off and collects in bodies of water. Some water may soak in soil and seepage happens. It can also collect in underground lakes (aquifer). Some water can be taken up by plants. This can be released back into atmosphere by transpiration.

Question 17

Explain nitrogen cycle

Answer 17

Nitrogen fixage

1. Nitrogen fixing bacteria in soil
   This converts nitrogen to ammonia. Nitrifying bacteria in soil converts ammonia to nitrites then nitrates.
2. Fixing in plants
   Plants called legumes have nodules on their roots that have nitrogen fixing bacteria. So they can convert straight to nitrate
3. Lightning
   combines nitrogen gas and oxygen in atmosphere to make nitrate. Only makes up 1% of nitrogen fixation.

Dentrifying bacteria converts nitrates back in nitrogen gas which returns to atmosphere

Question 18

Explain carbon cycle

Answer 18

Photosynthesis
Sunlight hits Earth and absored by chlorophyll - a substance in plants that converts sunlight energy to chemical

Carbon dioxide + Water +Sunlight = Glucose + Oxygen

Cellular respiration
Process to obtain energy from glucose

Glucose + Oxygen = carbon dioxide + water +energy

Question 19

Why is photosynthesis and cellular respiration complementary

Answer 19

They both need and rely on each other (can’t live without the other)

Question 20

What is ecology

Answer 20

study of how organisms interact with each other in the environment

Question 21

What are species

Answer 21

a group of similar organisms in an ecosystem. Member of same species can reproduce

Question 22

What is population

Answer 22

A group of members of the same species that live in same area

Question 23

What is community

Answer 23

Made up of populations of different species that live and interact in an area

Question 24

What is niche

Answer 24

All the interactions of a given species within its ecosystem

Question 25

What is erosion

Answer 25

loss of soil from water and wind

Question 26

What is crop rotation

Answer 26

Basically fixes erosion (when soil is drained of nutrients this helps it)

Question 27

What is eutrophication

Answer 27

Phosphours and nitrogen levels-fertilizer can cause this

Question 28

What are pesticides

Answer 28

to kill pests (harmful organisms)

Question 29

What is bio-amplification

Answer 29

pressence of heavy metals (which accumulates in tissues of organisms)

Question 30

What is bio-accumilation

Answer 30

Pesticides that have chloride accumulate in fatty tissue of animals, where it cannot be released

Question 31

What is biomagnification

Answer 31

amount of pesticide in animals higher in the food chain become higher. The higher trophic level, the greater the level of toxins