Gr 7 Unit D Test (Section 1-2) Flashcards
Study cards to help you prepare for the unit D test. These are just section 1 and 2. I couldn't add bridges btw.
What are the 3 types of basic structural forms?
Solid structure, frame structure, and shell structure
What is a solid structure?
Structure formed by a solid piece or combination of pieces. Made of strong materials, has little or no space inside
What is a frame structure?
Structure made of a rigid arrangement of parts OR structural components fastened together
What is a shell structure?
Structure with a solid outer surface and a hollow inner area
What is an example of a solid structure?
A concrete parking barrier, a table, etc.
What is an example of a frame structure?
A skeleton, volleyball net, etc.
What is an example of a shell structure?
A bowl, a bird’s nest, etc.
What is influences the design of a structure?
Climate, culture, tradition, technology and economics (I don’t think he went over this but it’s on the study guide. Also function influences design)
Structures can be natural or ________.
Man-made
What are aesthetics?
The pleasing appearance or effect that an object has because of its design
What is a structure’s function?
What the structure is made to do
What were houses originally built for?
Protection but they were also built to be portable
What is force?
Force is a push or pull that tends to cause an object to change its movement or shape
What does the force on a structure depend on?
The magnitude, or size of the force
The direction of the force
The location where the force is applied
The bigger a force’s _______, the stronger it is
The bigger a force’s magnitude, the stronger it is
What is a Newton?
A unit for measuring force
How many grams could you carry with 1 Newton?
100g
What is an external force?
A force that is applied on a structure by something else (that is out of the system)
What is mass?
The amount of matter in an object
The more _____ an object has, the greater the gravitational force.
The more mass an object has, the greater the gravitational force
What is the center of gravity?
The imaginary point in an object where the downward force of gravity acts. (basically the middle)
To increase a structure’s stability, increase the ____ of the _____.
To increase a structure’s stability, increase the width of the base
What is symmetry?
The balanced arrangement of mass on opposite sides of a line or plane, or around a centre or axis
What is a load?
An external force on a structure. (something a structure has to carry?)
What is a static/dead load?
A non-moving load
What is a dynamic load?
A load that moves or changes with time
What 2 conditions do engineers take into consideration when deciding which bridge to build?
What the bridge is crossing over (water or land)
What kind of loads the bridge will be supporting
What are performance requirements?
The conditions a structure must meet after it is built to show it is performing to certain standards (certain number of people, withstand high winds, etc.)
What is an internal force?
A force that one part of a structure exerts on other parts of the same structure (ex. palms pressing together)
What is compression?
A force that acts to squeeze an object or push parts within an object together
What is tension?
A force that acts to stretch and pull apart something
What is shear?
A force that acts to push parts that are in contact with each other in opposite directions (ex. sliding your hands together to stay warm)
What are complimentary forces?
When different kinds of internal forces act on a structure at the same time (ex. bending - compression on inside edge, tension on outside edge)
What is the strongest shape?
A triangle
Which is stronger: a curved structure or a flat structure?
A curved structure
Why can an arch support a large load?
The force of the load is carried down through the arch to the foundation
What is a beam?
A flat structure that is supported at each end
Is an I-beam stronger or weaker than a solid beam?
Stronger
What are girders/ box beams?
Long beams in the shape of hollow rectangular prisms
What is a truss?
Framework of beams joined together (usually in triangles)
What is a cantilever?
A beam that is only supported on one end
What is a column?
A solid structure that can stand by itself. (It can support beams. Columns vertical, Beams horizontal.)
What is structural stress?
Something that occurs if the combination of external and internal forces acting on a structure weaken it
What is structural fatigue?
A permanent change in a structure caused by internal forces such as compression, tension and shear
What is structural failure?
It occurs when a structure can no longer stand up to the forces acting on it. (Basically collapse)
What is/ how do you find out the strength of a structure?
The strength of a structure is determined by the weight at which it fails
