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Science > Gr 7 Unit D Test (Section 1-2) > Flashcards

Gr 7 Unit D Test (Section 1-2) Flashcards

Study cards to help you prepare for the unit D test. These are just section 1 and 2. I couldn't add bridges btw.

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of basic structural forms?

A

Solid structure, frame structure, and shell structure

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2
Q

What is a solid structure?

A

Structure formed by a solid piece or combination of pieces. Made of strong materials, has little or no space inside

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3
Q

What is a frame structure?

A

Structure made of a rigid arrangement of parts OR structural components fastened together

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4
Q

What is a shell structure?

A

Structure with a solid outer surface and a hollow inner area

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5
Q

What is an example of a solid structure?

A

A concrete parking barrier, a table, etc.

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6
Q

What is an example of a frame structure?

A

A skeleton, volleyball net, etc.

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7
Q

What is an example of a shell structure?

A

A bowl, a bird’s nest, etc.

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8
Q

What is influences the design of a structure?

A

Climate, culture, tradition, technology and economics (I don’t think he went over this but it’s on the study guide. Also function influences design)

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9
Q

Structures can be natural or ________.

A

Man-made

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10
Q

What are aesthetics?

A

The pleasing appearance or effect that an object has because of its design

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11
Q

What is a structure’s function?

A

What the structure is made to do

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12
Q

What were houses originally built for?

A

Protection but they were also built to be portable

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13
Q

What is force?

A

Force is a push or pull that tends to cause an object to change its movement or shape

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14
Q

What does the force on a structure depend on?

A

The magnitude, or size of the force
The direction of the force
The location where the force is applied

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15
Q

The bigger a force’s _______, the stronger it is

A

The bigger a force’s magnitude, the stronger it is

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16
Q

What is a Newton?

A

A unit for measuring force

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17
Q

How many grams could you carry with 1 Newton?

A

100g

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18
Q

What is an external force?

A

A force that is applied on a structure by something else (that is out of the system)

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19
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter in an object

20
Q

The more _____ an object has, the greater the gravitational force.

A

The more mass an object has, the greater the gravitational force

21
Q

What is the center of gravity?

A

The imaginary point in an object where the downward force of gravity acts. (basically the middle)

22
Q

To increase a structure’s stability, increase the ____ of the _____.

A

To increase a structure’s stability, increase the width of the base

23
Q

What is symmetry?

A

The balanced arrangement of mass on opposite sides of a line or plane, or around a centre or axis

24
Q

What is a load?

A

An external force on a structure. (something a structure has to carry?)

25
Q

What is a static/dead load?

A

A non-moving load

26
Q

What is a dynamic load?

A

A load that moves or changes with time

27
Q

What 2 conditions do engineers take into consideration when deciding which bridge to build?

A

What the bridge is crossing over (water or land)

What kind of loads the bridge will be supporting

28
Q

What are performance requirements?

A

The conditions a structure must meet after it is built to show it is performing to certain standards (certain number of people, withstand high winds, etc.)

29
Q

What is an internal force?

A

A force that one part of a structure exerts on other parts of the same structure (ex. palms pressing together)

30
Q

What is compression?

A

A force that acts to squeeze an object or push parts within an object together

31
Q

What is tension?

A

A force that acts to stretch and pull apart something

32
Q

What is shear?

A

A force that acts to push parts that are in contact with each other in opposite directions (ex. sliding your hands together to stay warm)

33
Q

What are complimentary forces?

A

When different kinds of internal forces act on a structure at the same time (ex. bending - compression on inside edge, tension on outside edge)

34
Q

What is the strongest shape?

A

A triangle

35
Q

Which is stronger: a curved structure or a flat structure?

A

A curved structure

36
Q

Why can an arch support a large load?

A

The force of the load is carried down through the arch to the foundation

37
Q

What is a beam?

A

A flat structure that is supported at each end

38
Q

Is an I-beam stronger or weaker than a solid beam?

A

Stronger

39
Q

What are girders/ box beams?

A

Long beams in the shape of hollow rectangular prisms

40
Q

What is a truss?

A

Framework of beams joined together (usually in triangles)

41
Q

What is a cantilever?

A

A beam that is only supported on one end

42
Q

What is a column?

A

A solid structure that can stand by itself. (It can support beams. Columns vertical, Beams horizontal.)

43
Q

What is structural stress?

A

Something that occurs if the combination of external and internal forces acting on a structure weaken it

44
Q

What is structural fatigue?

A

A permanent change in a structure caused by internal forces such as compression, tension and shear

45
Q

What is structural failure?

A

It occurs when a structure can no longer stand up to the forces acting on it. (Basically collapse)

46
Q

What is/ how do you find out the strength of a structure?

A

The strength of a structure is determined by the weight at which it fails

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