GP - Diabetes Flashcards
1
Q
What is the diabetes sick day rules?
A
when unwell, If a patient is on insulin, they must NOT stop it due to the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. They should continue their normal insulin regime but ensure that they are checking their blood sugars frequently
2
Q
Describe the features of diabetic retinopathy on fundoscopy?
A
Background diabetic retinopathy
- Microaneurysms
- Dot and blot haemorrhages
Pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (presence of retinal ischaemia)
- Cotton wool spots
- Haemorrhage
- Venous beading
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
- New vessels formation on retina (neovascularisation) due to production of VEGF
Advanced diabetic retinopathy
- Vitreous haemorrhage (from bleeding areas of neovascularisation)
- Retinal detachment (areas of neovascularisation grow into the vitreous and form fibrous bands suspending the retina)
- Rubeosis iridis (neovascularization of the iris and the iridocorneal angle)
