GP Flashcards
What are some side effects of topical steroids (3)?
- Skin thinning/ atrophy
- Pigment alteration
- Striae
What are the 4 strengths of topical steroids?
- Mild
- Moderate
- Potent
- Very potent
What is an example of each strength topical steroid?
- Mild = Hydrocortisone
- Moderate = betamethasone
- Potent = beclometasone
- Very potent = clobetasol
This is generally, however the specific compound will change strength
What can cause continuous dizziness/ vertigo in those with viral infections?
Vestibular neuritis
What is it called when vestibular neuritis is associated with hearing loss as well?
Labarynthitis
What can cause hearing loss and tinnitus and sudden attacks of vertigo?
Ménière’s disease
What can cause vertigo attacks with changes in head position?
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
How is vestibular neuritis and labarynthitis treated?
Cyclizine (antihistamine)
How is BPPV treated?
Epley manoeuvre
How is Ménière’s disease treated for acute attacks (2)?
- Prochlorperazine
- Antihistamine (e.g. cyclizine)
What is a prophylaxis for Meniers disease?
Betahistine
What are some causes of alopecia?
- Pattern hair loss (ageing)
- Infection (e.g. ringworm, cellulitis)
- Trauma (e.g. traction alopecia)
- Alopecia areata (autoimmune)
What is a lack of interest/ enjoyment/ pleasure called?
Anhedonia
What is locked in syndrome?
When almost all voluntary muscles are paralysed but the person is aware and mentally intact
What causes locked in syndrome?
Damage to the brain stem/lower brain
What is age related loss of muscle mass and strength known as?
Sarcopenia
What is bronchiectasis?
Permanent bronchial dilation due to irreversible damage to the bronchial wall
What are some risk factors/ causes of bronchiectasis?
- Post infection
- Chronic lung pathology (e.g. CF, COPD)
What is polymyalgia rheumatic?
Pain, stiffness, inflammation of muscles around shoulder and pelvic girdle
How is polymyalgia rheumatica treated?
Steroids (prednisolone)
What is polymyalgia rheumatica associated with?
Giant cell arteritis
What is a pilonidal cyst caused by?
A hair follicle that gets stuck in the skin
Where do pilonidal cysts commonly form?
Around the tail bone/ between the cheeks of the buttocks
What is functional neurological disorder?
A functional (no known organic process) disorder whereby neurological symptoms are experienced
What sort of neurological symptoms are experienced in those with FND?
- Weakness
- Movement disorders
- Sensory disturbances (e.g. parasthesia)
- Blackouts/ dissociative seizures
What is allodynia?
Pain caused by a stimulus that doesn’t usually cause pain
How can you tell if there is an infection in or under the skin?
It is red, shiny and swollen!!
How can severe eczema/ psoriasis that doesn’t respond to typical treatments be treated?
DMARDS e.g. methotrexate
How is eczema typically treated (3)?
- Emollients
- Topical corticosteroids
- Topical pimecrolimus/ tacrolimus
How is psoriasis treated?
Topical corticosteroids = first line
