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Phase 3a- flashcards I forget > GP > Flashcards

GP Flashcards

1
Q

Tx of ADHD

A

methylphenidate (ritalin)
Dexamfetamine
Atomexetine

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2
Q

antibodies in Hashimotos thyroiditis

A

anti-TPO

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3
Q

Causes of primary hypothyroidism

A
  • Hashimoto’s
  • iodine deficiency
  • Hyperthyroidism Tx (carbimazole, radioactive iodine, surgery)
  • Lithium
  • Amiodarone
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4
Q

causes of secondary hypothyroidism

A
  • Sheehan syndrome
  • tumours
  • infection
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5
Q

TSH/T4 levels in primary and secondary hypothyroidism

A

primary- raised TSH, low T4

Secondary- low TSH, low T4

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6
Q

antibodies in Graves

A

TSH receptor antibodies

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7
Q

features specific to Graves

A

Diffuse goitre (without nodules)
Graves eye disease
Bilateral exophthalmos
Pretibial myxoedema

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8
Q

Tx of hyperthyroidism

A

carbimazole
radioactive iodine
surgery

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9
Q

causes of microcytic anaemia

A 
T – Thalassaemia
A – Anaemia of chronic disease
I – Iron deficiency anaemia
L – Lead poisoning
S – Sideroblastic anaemia
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10
Q

causes of normocytic anaemia

A 
blood loss
chronic disease
Aplastic anaemia
haemolytic anaemia
hypothyroidism
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11
Q

causes of macrocytic anaemia

A

folate deficiency

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12
Q

Management of a DVT

A

immediate LWNH (dalteparin/enoxaparin)

long term:

  • warfarin
  • NOAC/DOAC (apixiban, rivaroxaban)
  • LWMH

continue anticoagulation for 3 months

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13
Q

Tx of a PE

A

thrombolysis- LMWH- IV/ central line (altepase/ streptokinase/ tenecteplase)

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14
Q

what is glaucoma?

A

optic nerve damage (and visual field defects) due to high pressure in the eye

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15
Q

what is the normal intraocular pressure of the eye

A

10-21 mmHg

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16
Q

what is primary open angle glaucoma?

A

reduced outflow of aqueous humour through trabecular mesh

slow, chronic onset

17
Q

Tx of primary open angle glaucoma

A

prostaglandin analogues- lantoprost (eye drops)

18
Q

what is acute angle closure glaucoma?

A
  • sudden rise in intra-ocular pressure

(iris blocks exit for aqeuous humour)

  • medical emergency !

-

19
Q

presentation of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

painful red eye, blurry revision, N+V, headache

fixed dilated pupil

20
Q

Tx of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

pilocarpine (eye drops)

acetazolamide

21
Q

causes and presentation of anterior uveitis

A

causes- ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, UC/Crohn’s

presentation- red, painful eye, photophobia, blurred vision

22
Q

describe the 3 stages of diabetic retinopathy

A
  • background- micro aneurysms (dots)
  • pre-proliferative (cotton wool spots)
  • proliferative (retinal neovascularisation)
23
Q

presentation of cataracts

A
  • blurred vision
  • faded colour vision
  • glare
24
Q

management of cataracts

A
  • stronger glasses, brighter lighting

- remove cloudy lens, replace with artificial one

25
presentation of anterior uveitis
- painful red eye - ciliary flush - reduced acuity - lacrimation
26
HIV monitoring
CD4 count- normal is 500-1200 cells/mm3 - under 200 cells/ mm3= AIDS Viral load- number if copies of HIV RNA per ml of blood
27
Tx of an exacerbation of COPD
- prednisolone if in hospital: - nebulised bronchodilators
28
Eradication therapy for peptic ulcers
proton pump inhibitor (e.g. omeprazole) plus 2 antibiotics (e.g. amoxicillin and clarithromycin) for 7 days
29
candida (thrush) of the nipple- cause, presentation (in mother and neonate) and treatment
cause- usually after Abx use maternal presentation- sore nipples (usually bilateral), tenderness, cracked/flaky areola neonatal Sx- oral and nappy candidal rash Treat mum and baby !! maternal Tx= topical miconazole after each breastfeed baby Tx= miconazole gel/ nystatin
30
what is a hydrocele and how does it present on examination
- collection of fluid within the tunica vaginalis presentation: - palpable testicle within hydrocele - soft - irreducible - no bowel sounds in swelling (differentiates from hernia) - transillumination
31
what is a varicocele?
- swollen paminiform plexus
32
presentation and examination findings in a pt with a varicocele
presentation: - throbbing pain worse on standing - dragging sensation - fertility problems O/E: - scrotal mass- 'bag of worms' - worse on standing - asymmetrical testes
33
what is epididymo-orchitis and what can cause it?
inflammation of epididmyis and testicle causes: - E coli - chlamydia trachomatis - neisseria gonorrhoea - mumps
34
presentation of epididymo-orchitis
- testicular pain - dragging sensation - swollen testes - tenderness on palpation - systemic sx - urethral discharge (gonorrhoea/ chlamydia)
35
rate control in AF
1- BB (atenolol) 2- rate-limiting CCB- Diltazem 3- Digoxin
36
rhythm control in AF
Cardioversion: - electrical- DC - Pharmacological- flecanide/ amiodarone
37
what is the HASBLED score?
calculates risk of major bleeding whilst on anticoagulation
38
staging of CKD
``` G1 = eGFR >90 G2 = eGFR 60-89 G3a = eGFR 45-59 G3b = eGFR 30-44 G4 = eGFR 15-29 G5 = eGFR <15 (known as “end-stage renal failure”) ```

Phase 3a- flashcards I forget (8 decks)

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