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DCUSH American Revolution > Government Quiz > Flashcards

Government Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Newsburgh Conspiracy

A

Soldiers upset at congress for failing to pay

Scheme to make Washington leader with military backing

Washington refuses

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2
Q

Soldiers recieved

A

3 months wages

officers received 5 years pension

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3
Q

national army disbanded except for

A

80 soldiers

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4
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

confederation of states loose under central government

1 house congress

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5
Q

Each house in 1781

A

had 1 vote; regardless of population

executive and judicial only

unanimous to change

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6
Q

Congress in 1781 could

A

could not regulate trade between states or foreign nations

Could raise an army but not draft soldiers

Could not enforce national laws

Could not tax, could request money from states, but not require payment

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7
Q

3 land ordinances passed to help develop newly acquired land after the war

A

Territory could be divided into 17 new states eventually. Allows for constitution and law

Controlled distribution of lands. Favored speculators purchasing large quantities of land,
surveying them, then selling it off at $1 per acre

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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8
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

More congressional control over the territory

Banned slavery in the new territories, but slaves that existed would be allowed to remain

Indian land could not be taken w/o their consent

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9
Q

3 stages of growth:

A

Appoint a governor and laws

Population reaches 5,000 adult males; create a legislature

Free population reaches 60,000; apply for statehood

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10
Q

MONEY PROBLEMS

A

Nearly bankrupt
Lost their establishing trade network
NO national currency

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11
Q

SHAY’S REBELLION

A

Daniel Shays led a revolt by farmers and military veterans

Congress had no power to help

wanted to pay taxes in corn and wheat

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12
Q

May 25, 1787 delegates began to meet to

A

revise the Articles of Confederation

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13
Q

VIRGINIA VS NEW JERSEY

A

New Jersey supported a single house w/ equal representation, like in the articles

Virginia supported a bicameral legislature w/ representation based on population

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14
Q

Roger Sherman proposed bicameral legislature

A

1st house: House of representatives; based on Population

2nd house: senate: based on equal representation

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15
Q

SLAVERY

A

10 states had already banned the African Slave Trade

Southern states refused to discuss this

Power granted to Congress but only 20 years from ramification

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16
Q

Slave Representation

A

40% of southern population were slaves

Agreed to the “3/5ths Compromise”

slaves equal 3/5 (every five people is 3) until 1865 (13th amendment abolished slavery)

gave more representation, avoid taxes, give no rights

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17
Q

CONSTITUTION

A

3 Separate Branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial

Each with checks and balances to prevent one branch from gaining too much power

President elected by an “Electoral Colleges”

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18
Q

FEDERALIST PAPERS

A

Constitution could not take effect until it was ratified by the states legislature

A series of 85 essays published between 1787 and 1788 outlining why the Constitution is necessary (PERSUASIVE ESSAYS)

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19
Q

FEDERALIST VS ANTI-FEDERALISTS

A

Federalist supported the strong central government

Opposed by the Anti Federalist who felt the new government was too close to a monarchy

20
Q

Anti federalists felt

A

there was not enough emphasis placed on personal & states rights

Demanded an inclusion of Bill of RIghts that expressly stated the rights granted to all people, thus limiting the federal government’s powers

21
Q

Constitution ratified in

A

1789

22
Q

Bill of RIghts ratified in

A

1791 (10 of the 12 proposed amendments)

23
Q

George Washington was unanimous choice for President

A

69 electoral college votes

John Adams Vice President with 34 votes

24
Q

First capital held in

A

NYC

25
Q

Cabinet

A

executives hired by president to help run country

26
Q

Thomas Jefferson was

A

secretary of state and used to be an ambassador to France

27
Q

Alexander Hamilton was

A

secretary of treasurer

28
Q

Thomas Jefferson supported

A

slavery and was born rich

29
Q

Federalist, led by Alexander Hamilton

A

Wanted commercial development, Strong central government

30
Q

Republican party led by Thomas Jefferson

A

Wanted small farmers and local government control

31
Q

HAMILTON’S FINANCIAL SYSTEM

A

Paying war debt

tax items like alcohol

National Bank
Hold government funds
Provide government loans
Manage the nation’s money supply

32
Q

Compromise of 1790 (secret agreement)

A

gave the nation’s capitol to the South (newly formed Washington DC)

33
Q

JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789

A

Established a Supreme Court and several federal courts to consider specific cases

6 Supreme Court Justices

John Jay first Chief Justice

34
Q

FRENCH REVOLUTION

A

America claimed Neutrality

British then impressed US citizens into their navy

John Jay reached a treaty
Avoided war w Britain, but many were upset at the concessions given

35
Q

WHISKEY REBELLION

A

Western Pennsylvania farmers resented a tax placed on grained alcohol

Refused to pay, attacked tax collectors, burned barns, destroyed stills of those who would pay

Rebellion ensued in July 1794

Washington sent 13,000 militia as a show of force from the new powerful central government

36
Q

CENSUS OF 1790

A

Measured population growth, used for taxation, and Congressional Representation
3.9 million people

80% agrarian society

Only 3 cities with over 5,000 people

37
Q

OHIO COUNTRY

A

Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territories fails in his expedition (600 of his 1400 militia killed)

38
Q

General Anthony Wayne

A

Trained 5,000 regulars for 2 years

August 20, 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers defeated the Ohio tribes, gaining the land for the US

39
Q

WASHINGTON RETIRES

A

After many successes during presidency, he retires

Warns in his farewell address

Against international affairs

Against factions (political parties)

40
Q

ELECTION OF 1796

A

Federalists candidates:
John Adams (Washington’s VP) and Thomas Pickney

Republican candidates: Thomas Jefferson (secretary of state) and Aaron Burr

41
Q

Electoral college votes:
Adams 71, Jefferson 68, Pinckney 59, Burr 30

A

President John Adams
Vice President Thomas Jefferson

Represented 2 separated political parties

42
Q

France angry at Jay’s Treaty plundered American ships
Adams sent 3 ambassadors, who were said negotiations would not begin unless

A

they paid $250,000

This began a “quasi war” w France

Mostly naval conflicts

Negotiations concluded with removing a military alliance w France

43
Q

Alien Act

A

Allowed the president to jail or deport any non-citizen considered a spy

44
Q

Sedition Act

A

Allowed imprisonment and fines for criticizing government

        - prime targets: republican supporters
45
Q

Gave legitimacy to republican party due to Federalists (sedition act)

A

overstepping their constitutional boundaries

DCUSH American Revolution (4 decks)

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