DCUSH American Revolution Test Flashcards
King George’s War
Conflict between Britain and France
Carry over from a European conflict
4,000 English settlers mount an attack against French at Louisbourg
Strategic Location at St. Lawrence river
Outlast French and take control
French attempt to retake with 76 ships sent, but after 3 months failed to recapture due to disease and storms
British allow use of impressments
Involuntary recruitment into the Royal Navy
Louisbourg
French city that stopped British from coming in and eventually falls
7-Years War
AKA French and Indian War
French upset at the loss during King George’s War want to re-exert their control in Ohio valley
British want to be able to sell land near modern day Pittsburgh
- French begins to erect forts to exert control over the region
Treaty of Paris 1763
Ended the war between the British and French
French lost all territory in North America
Some Natives continue effort in vain
George Washington
22 years old
Told to defend colonial interests in the Ohio Valley
- brought 160 men, reinforced by some anti- French natives, wanting to build a fort at the mouth of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers
- attacks french scouting group and kills them
Native leader, Tanacharison, brutally murdered by the French commander
Fort Duquesne
French and Indians launch an ambush, 6 miles before the British reached the fort, destroying 2/3rds of the British force
- Braddock mortally wounded
- Washington led the retreat
- He wrote the British had “broke and run as sheep before hounds” but the Virginians “behaved like Men and died like soldiers”
Fort Necessity
Washington then built Fort Necessity
Wants to hold the land, as ordered, against French retaliation
Reinforced with 300 men, but natives conveniently left
The crudely built fort was no match for the French forces, becomes death trap
⅓ of all Washington’s forces were slaughtered
Failed to secure the Ohio Valley and inadvertently started a war
General Braddock
- British General came to colonies
- tried to capture Fort Duquesne
- he forced marched his troops 125 miles
- ignorant to native forces and tactics
Proclamation of 1763
Issued by King George
Prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains
Colonists not happy because it restricts their access to land
Whigs
Colonists angry and rebellious against Britain
Loyalists
colonist loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution. Loyalists constituted about one-third of the population of the American colonies during that conflict.
Sugar Act
Actually reduce the tax on molasses
Reduced from 6p to 3p, by 1766 to 1p
Aimed to lower tariffs to promote British enterprise in the Caribbean rather than smuggling from the French
Stamp Act
One of the most hated acts
Affected nearly everyone
Required individuals to purchase stamps for official documents and published papers
Deeds, licenses, bills, court documents, wills, passports, playing cards, newspapers, etc.
Caused an increase in the value of products
Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry elected to Virginia House of Burgesses
Passed resolution for the colonist right to tax themselves
Other state actions followed
Sons of Liberty
Mostly propertied men
Stamp Act repealed in 1766
Townshend Revenue Act
Raised revenue without gaining representation
The revenues went to British government to pay for royal officials
Took the payment and power from local lawmakers
Boston Massacre
Boston Massacre, March 5th 1770
Redcoat hits young apprentice with his gun
Crowd gathers, throwing objects and eventually knocking down guard
Redcoats open fire into crowd
Kill 5 wound 6
Investigation and trial
-2 soldiers guilty of manslaughter, after defended by John Adams
John Adams
defends redcoats after boston massacre
Was US ambassador to France
Became Vice President under Washington
Fedderalist
Later president of US
Coercive Acts
Called the “Intolerable Act”
Wanted to punish and force Bostonians to pay for the dumped tea
Removed elected officials for British officials
Closed the port
Colonies started to band together in support of Boston
- Raised money, supplies, and boycotting British tea
Common Sense
Written by Thomas Paine
Argued a case for independence
Used the common language and addressing the common man
Sold over 100,000 in a few months
Shifted the blame from Parliament to King George III
Declaration of Independence
Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson
Used the philosophies of John Locke and other Enlightenment writers
Approved July 2nd, 1776
Adopted July 4th, 1776
Currency Act
Forbid colonies from printing paper currency
Creating a shortage of currency
In the middle of an economic depression, stirred up opposition
First Continental Congress
Met in Philadelphia in fall 1744
All but Georgia met
Not intended to Declare Independence, but wanting to overturn Coercive Acts
Became a collective boycott, closed ports, brought the colonies together
By endorsing these resolves, Congress took a militant stamp
Second Continental Congress
Accepted the fact that war had begun
Appointed George Washington as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army
Not the most skilled, experienced, or successful general but proved to be the right man for the job
Helped invite southerners to the rebellion
Lexington and Concord
Shots rang out
8 Lexington men dead, 10 wounded; 1 British wounded
British reached Concord at 8am
Patriots had hidden most of the stores
A brief battle left the ‘redcoats’ running back to Boston
British losses 75 dead, 200 wounded; Patriots 49 dead, 43 wounded
20,000 volunteers came to Cambridge, including women
Boston Tea Party
England dropped the heavy import duties, to help stop smuggling but kept Townshend Act to tax Tea
Tea Act designed to help British East India Company, who is failing
Sent 600,000 pounds of tea to 4 ports
Boston viewed it as manipulative and dumped the tea
Bunker Hill
Paul Revere
Hessians
Christmas Victory
George Rogers Clark
Saratoga
Horatio Gates
Valley Forge
Baron von Steuben
Yorktown
Treaty of Paris 1783
Pennsylvania Abolition Society
Constitutional Convention
Statute for Religious Freedom
Standing Army
Bank of North America
Paper Currency
John Jay
