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Ap Gov > Government & Politics Chapters 4, 7, 17, and 18 > Flashcards

Government & Politics Chapters 4, 7, 17, and 18 Flashcards

1
Q

liberty

A

Freedom from government control

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2
Q

political culture

A

commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate

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3
Q

political ideology

A

the coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals

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4
Q

15th Amendment

A

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

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5
Q

19th Amendment

A

Gave women the right to vote

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6
Q

26th Amendment

A

States cannot deny the right to vote based on age (18+)

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7
Q

political equality

A

the right to participate in politics equally; universal suffrage for citizens over 18

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8
Q

equal protection of the laws

A

Part of the Fourteenth Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent “protection” to all people.

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9
Q

equality of opportunity

A

the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

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10
Q

Affirmative Action

A

A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities

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11
Q

economic inequality

A

unequal distribution of economic resources

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12
Q

Social Contract Theory

A

A voluntary agreement between the government and the governed

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13
Q

civic duty

A

a belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs

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14
Q

civic competence / political efficacy

A

A belief that one can affect government policies. capacity to understand and influence political events

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15
Q

Individualism

A

a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.

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16
Q

Culture Wars

A

clashes within mainstream society over the values and norms that should be upheld

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17
Q

orthodox

A

adhering to the traditional and established, especially in religion

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18
Q

progressive

A

A belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion

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19
Q

public policy

A

the course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem

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20
Q

social issues

A

political debates involving moral judgments about how people should live

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21
Q

Economic Issues

A

Issues related to money, taxes, and production of goods and services.

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22
Q

majoritarian politics

A

a policy in which almost everybody benefits and almost everybody pays

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23
Q

client politics

A

a policy in which one small group benefits and almost everybody pays

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24
Q

entrepreneurial politics

A

A policy in which almost everybody benefits and a small group pays the cost

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25
interest groups politics
A policy in which a small group benefits and a small group pays the cost
26
welfare programs
Government assistance for those who meet eligibility requirements
27
Social Security Act
guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health
28
Medicare
A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older
29
Medicaid
A federal and state assistance program that pays for health care services for people who cannot afford them.
30
Medicare Act of 1965
It amended the Social Security program to include health insurance for the elderly; also set up medicaid
31
Affordable Care Act
An expansion of medicaid; also referred to as "Obamacare", signed into law in 2010.
32
AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children)
Program to distribute welfare benefits that formerly was federally funded but devolved to the states in 1996
33
TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)
Financial assistance to the poor that replaced the AFDC program.
34
monetary policy
Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and interest rates.
35
fiscal policy
Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending.
36
Federal Reserve System
The country's central banking system, which is responsible for the nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of money and interest rates
37
budget surplus
an excess of tax revenue over government spending
38
budget deficit
a shortfall of tax revenue from government spending
39
national debt
The sum of government deficits over time.
40
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Presidential staff agency that serves as a clearinghouse for budgetary requests and management improvements for government agencies.
41
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
An agency of Congress that analyzes presidential budget recommendations and estimates the cost of proposed legislation.
42
16th Amendment
Allows the federal government to collect income tax
43
flat tax
proportional tax on individual income after a specified threshold has been reached
44
progressive tax
A tax for which the percentage of income paid in taxes increases as income increases
45
mandatory spending
Required govt spending by permanent laws
46
discretionary spending
Federal spending on programs that are controlled through the regular budget process
47
Keynesian economics
the belief that the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation
48
supply-side economics
the belief that lower taxes and fewer regulations will stimulate the economy
49
public opinion
what the public thinks about a particular issue or set of issues at any point in time
50
straw poll
unscientific survey used to gauge public opinion on a variety of issues and policies
51
exit poll
a poll of people leaving a polling place, asking how they voted.
52
random sample
a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
53
sampling error
the difference between the results of random samples taken at the same time
54
Saliency
the degree to which an issue is important to a particular individual or group.
55
Intensity
How strongly people feel about a particular issue
56
Stability
how likely views on particular issues can change
57
conservative
holding to traditional attitudes and values
58
liberal
open to more progressive opinions
59
political socialization
the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions
60
gender gap
Difference in political views between men and women

Ap Gov (5 decks)

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