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Ap Gov > Government & Politics Chapters 4, 7, 17, and 18 > Flashcards

Government & Politics Chapters 4, 7, 17, and 18 Flashcards

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U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards
1
Q

liberty

A

Freedom from government control

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2
Q

political culture

A

commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate

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3
Q

political ideology

A

the coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals

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4
Q

15th Amendment

A

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

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5
Q

19th Amendment

A

Gave women the right to vote

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6
Q

26th Amendment

A

States cannot deny the right to vote based on age (18+)

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7
Q

political equality

A

the right to participate in politics equally; universal suffrage for citizens over 18

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8
Q

equal protection of the laws

A

Part of the Fourteenth Amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent “protection” to all people.

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9
Q

equality of opportunity

A

the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

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10
Q

Affirmative Action

A

A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities

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11
Q

economic inequality

A

unequal distribution of economic resources

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12
Q

Social Contract Theory

A

A voluntary agreement between the government and the governed

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13
Q

civic duty

A

a belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs

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14
Q

civic competence / political efficacy

A

A belief that one can affect government policies. capacity to understand and influence political events

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15
Q

Individualism

A

a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.

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16
Q

Culture Wars

A

clashes within mainstream society over the values and norms that should be upheld

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17
Q

orthodox

A

adhering to the traditional and established, especially in religion

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18
Q

progressive

A

A belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion

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19
Q

public policy

A

the course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem

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20
Q

social issues

A

political debates involving moral judgments about how people should live

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21
Q

Economic Issues

A

Issues related to money, taxes, and production of goods and services.

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22
Q

majoritarian politics

A

a policy in which almost everybody benefits and almost everybody pays

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23
Q

client politics

A

a policy in which one small group benefits and almost everybody pays

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24
Q

entrepreneurial politics

A

A policy in which almost everybody benefits and a small group pays the cost

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25
Q

interest groups politics

A

A policy in which a small group benefits and a small group pays the cost

26
Q

welfare programs

A

Government assistance for those who meet eligibility requirements

27
Q

Social Security Act

A

guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

28
Q

Medicare

A

A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older

29
Q

Medicaid

A

A federal and state assistance program that pays for health care services for people who cannot afford them.

30
Q

Medicare Act of 1965

A

It amended the Social Security program to include health insurance for the elderly; also set up medicaid

31
Q

Affordable Care Act

A

An expansion of medicaid; also referred to as “Obamacare”, signed into law in 2010.

32
Q

AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children)

A

Program to distribute welfare benefits that formerly was federally funded but devolved to the states in 1996

33
Q

TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)

A

Financial assistance to the poor that replaced the AFDC program.

34
Q

monetary policy

A

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and interest rates.

35
Q

fiscal policy

A

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending.

36
Q

Federal Reserve System

A

The country’s central banking system, which is responsible for the nation’s monetary policy by regulating the supply of money and interest rates

37
Q

budget surplus

A

an excess of tax revenue over government spending

38
Q

budget deficit

A

a shortfall of tax revenue from government spending

39
Q

national debt

A

The sum of government deficits over time.

40
Q

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

A

Presidential staff agency that serves as a clearinghouse for budgetary requests and management improvements for government agencies.

41
Q

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

A

An agency of Congress that analyzes presidential budget recommendations and estimates the cost of proposed legislation.

42
Q

16th Amendment

A

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

43
Q

flat tax

A

proportional tax on individual income after a specified threshold has been reached

44
Q

progressive tax

A

A tax for which the percentage of income paid in taxes increases as income increases

45
Q

mandatory spending

A

Required govt spending by permanent laws

46
Q

discretionary spending

A

Federal spending on programs that are controlled through the regular budget process

47
Q

Keynesian economics

A

the belief that the government must manage the economy by spending more money when in a recession and cutting spending when there is inflation

48
Q

supply-side economics

A

the belief that lower taxes and fewer regulations will stimulate the economy

49
Q

public opinion

A

what the public thinks about a particular issue or set of issues at any point in time

50
Q

straw poll

A

unscientific survey used to gauge public opinion on a variety of issues and policies

51
Q

exit poll

A

a poll of people leaving a polling place, asking how they voted.

52
Q

random sample

A

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

53
Q

sampling error

A

the difference between the results of random samples taken at the same time

54
Q

Saliency

A

the degree to which an issue is important to a particular individual or group.

55
Q

Intensity

A

How strongly people feel about a particular issue

56
Q

Stability

A

how likely views on particular issues can change

57
Q

conservative

A

holding to traditional attitudes and values

58
Q

liberal

A

open to more progressive opinions

59
Q

political socialization

A

the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions

60
Q

gender gap

A

Difference in political views between men and women

Ap Gov (5 decks)

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