Government and Media Regulations Flashcards
When the government restricts speech before it is made or distributed
A: Before distribution
A regulation before distribution wherein offensive to accepted standards of decency and modesty within a country– what is potentially offensive content, such as speech or images are regulated.
A: Obscenity
When the government restricts speech after it is made or distributed.
A: After distribution
A regulation before distribution wherein Media personnel have been required to submit their scripts and stories especially during times of martial law and war for governmental review.
A: Military Operation
Invasion that occurs when truthful or private information concerning the life of a person is revealed by a media source.
A: Public disclosure
An external pressure to self-regulate when individuals are concerned about media content, they may contact the production or distribution firm and demand alteration.
A: Pressure from members of the public
Codes and agreements among companies in an industry to ensure that employees carry out their work industry officials see as an ethical manner.
A: Self-regulation regimes
When the larger scale media companies buy out the more smaller-scaled or local companies, they become more powerful within the market.
A: Oligopoly
Control of the market by a small number of relatively large firms that produce similar, but slightly different products.
A: Oligopoly
A regulation after distribution wherein Highly disreputable or false statement about a living person or an organization that causes injury to the reputation that a substantial group of people hold for that person or entity.
A: Defamation
When a person or organization intentionally invades a person’s solitude or seclusion of one.
A: Intrusion
Invasion through an unauthorized use of a person’s name, likeness, voice, signature, photo, in advertisement, poster or other commercial context.
A: Appropriation
Invading one’s privacy by implying something untrue about him or her.
A: False light
The right to be protected from unwanted intrusions or disclosures
A: Invasion of privacy
In defamation, refers to words, expression, and statements that at face value, seems innocent but may be libelous in actual context, may be an innuendo or an accusation.
A: Libel per quod
In defamation, it refers to written communication that is considered obvious libel or false news. It speaks for itself and does not need further proof of its meaning or intent.
A: Libel per se
In defamation, refers to knowing that information is false or acting with reckless disregard for the statement’s truth or falsity.
A: Actual malice
In defamation, refers to hatred or ill will towards another person, covert, based upon actions.
A: Simple malice
spoken communication of defamation
A: slander
written communication of defamation
A: Libel
The two forms of defamation are:
A: slander (spoken communication) and libel (written communication).
An external pressure to self-regulate wherein individuals who have joined together to work to change the nature of certain kinds of mass media materials.
A: Pressure from the advocacy organization
Comprises both internal (media) and external (public and businesses) pressures, for media organizations to self-check their content.
A: Self-regulation
Should manage the process of supply and demand without too much monopoly.
A: Economic
Protects the government from false news and how the citizens perceive them.
A: Government
An internal pressure to self-regulate wherein censorship bodies provide feedback regarding media content, such as the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB).
A: Content ratings and advisories
An internal pressure to self-regulate. Formal list of guidelines and standards designed to establish standards of professionalism within an industry, local or international.
A: Professional Code of Ethics
An internal pressure to self-regulate. An individual hired by a media organization to deal with readers, viewers, listeners who have a complaint to report, issues to discuss, or a violation of rights.
A: Ombudspersons
An internal pressure to self-regulate that refers to written statements of policy and conduct established by media organizations as a form of self-regulation and as a set of general model of communications.
A: Editorial standards
An external pressure to self-regulate wherein advertisers pressures media to change content because they are the one who buy space and time for commercials.
A: Pressure from advertisers
A rule that limits excessive market control by mass media corporations which might directly affect consumers and advertisers.
A: Anti-trust laws
In the Philippines, it prohibits unfair competition, arrangements and combinations to restrain trade or prevent, by artificial means, free competition in the market.
A: Anti-trust laws
Control of the market by a single firm that produces goods with no close substitute.
A: Monopoly
Monopoly of media outlets such as newspapers, film, television, radio, and satellite broadcasting, may be on a national or international level.
A: True
