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TOEFL > Government and Justice > Flashcards

Government and Justice Flashcards

1
Q

advocate

A

to speak out in favor of something (befürworten, verteidigen, verfechten)

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2
Q

authority

A

the power to make decisions, to tell others what to do (Autorität, Befugnis, Berechtigung)

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3
Q

bitterly

A

strongly and with a lot of bad feelings (bitter)

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4
Q

candidate

A

someone who wants to be chosen, especially in an election, for a position (Kandidat)

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5
Q

coalition

A

a group of several different groups or countries that are working together to achieve a certain goal (Koalition, Zusammenschluss, Vereinigung)

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6
Q

contest

A

to challenge (bestreiten, anfechten, Wettkampf, Gewinnspiel)

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7
Q

election

A

a process in which people choose officials (Wahl)

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8
Q

inaugurate

A

to bring into public office; to start formally (einweihen, einführen, förmlich eröffnen)

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9
Q

policy

A

an approved way for approaching (bevorstehend) a certain kind of situation (Regelwerk, Grundsatz, Richtlinie)

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10
Q

poll

A

to find out a small group’s opinion so that you can guess what a much larger group thinks (befragen, umfragen, Umfrage)

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11
Q

accuse

A

to say that someone did something wrong (beschuldigen, anklagen, bezichtigen, anschuldigen)

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12
Q

allegedly

A

according to what people say (angeblich, vermeintlich)

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13
Q

civil

A

involving a dispute between two citizens, not a criminal charge (bürgerlich)

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14
Q

convict

A

to decide that someone is guilty of a crime (verurteilen, überführen)

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15
Q

guilty

A

responsible for doing something bad (schuldig)

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16
Q

offense

A

a specific act that breaks the law (Vergehen, Beleidigung, Angriff, Verstoß)

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17
Q

peer

A

a person who is one’s social equal (gleichrangig)

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18
Q

suspect

A

someone who, in the opinion of the police might have committed a certain crime (Verdächtiger)

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19
Q

verdict

A

a judgement in a court case (Urteil, Urteilsspruch)

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20
Q

witness

A

to see something, especially a crime, happen (Zeuge, bezeugen)

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21
Q

apprehend

A

to capture (festnehmen, verstehen, begreifen, erfassen)

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22
Q

ascertain

A

to make sure of (feststellen, ermitteln, nachprüfen)

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23
Q

bureaucratic

A

related to a large organization with a lot of complicated procedures (bürokratisch)

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24
Q

condemn

A

to speak out agains something in very strong terms (verurteilen, verwerfen, tadeln, verachten)

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25
evidence
something that makes the truth of a statement seem more likely (Beleg, Beweis)
26
implicate
to suggest that someone was involved in a crime or other wrong behavior (beinhalten, verwickeln, einschließen)
27
inquiry
an investigation (Ermittlung, Anfrage, Prüfung, Nachfrage)
28
intrusively
in a way that brings an unwanted person or thing into someone else's affairs (aufdringlich)
29
seize
to make something agains its owners will (ergreifen, beschlagnahmen, packen, erfassen, konfiszieren)
30
surveillance
a process of watching something or someone for a long time, usually because the person is suspected of something (Überwachung, Kontrolle, Observation)
31
analyze
to examine something by looking at its parts (analysieren, auswerten)
32
assail
to attack or criticize forcefully (angreifen, überfallen, überschütten, überstürmen)
33
contrary
opposite (gegensätzlich)
34
hypothesize
to make a guess, the correctness of which will eventually be investigated systematically (hypothesieren, vermuten, eine Hypothese aufstellen)
35
impair
to make something less effective than usual (beeinträchtigen, schädigen, schwächen)
36
inference
a conclusion drawn from evidence (Schlussfolgerung, Folgerung)
37
objectively
based on unbiased standards, not personal opinion (objektiv)
38
suspicious
believing that something is wrong (verdächtig)
39
tolerate
to avoid getting upset about something (tolerieren, dulden)
40
versus
against (gegen)
41
bribery
giving money or other gifts to a government official or other person in authority in order to get special privileges (Bestechung)
42
cynically
disrespectfully; emphasizing the weaknesses of otherwise respected things (zynisch)
43
erode
to wear away and become smaller (zerfressen, auswaschen, ausfressen)
44
evade
to get away from something that tries to catch you (ausweichen, umgehen, vermeiden)
45
grotesque
extremely unattractive, in a way, that catches a lot of attention (grotesk, bizarr, absurd)
46
integrity
personal honesty and good character (Rechtschaffenheit, Richtigkeit, Seriosität)
47
prevalent
common; easy to find because it exists in great amounts (vorherrschend, verbreitet, vorwiegend)
48
reform
to make big improvements (verbessern, umgestalten, umformen, reformieren)
49
scandal
a case of wrongdoing that hurts someone's reputation (Skandal, Eklat, Affäre)
50
unmask
reveal; expose something that is hidden (entlarven, enttarnen, bloßstellen
51
abduction
kidnapping (Entführung, Verschleppung)
52
coerce
to force; to put pressure on someone to do something (zwingen, nötigen)
53
detain
to prevent someone, for a relatively short time, from going on their way (festnehmen, abhalten, hindern)
54
deviant
in a style thet is not normal and is offensive to many (abweichend, abartig)
55
distort
to twist or misrepresent; to makesomething seem different from what it really is (verzerren, verdreht)
56
intentionally
on purpose, not by accident (absichtlich, vorsätzlich)
57
piracy
stealing a ship or taking its cargo (Piraterie)
58
predicament
a difficult situation, one that is hard to get out of (Zwickmühle, Zwangslage)
59
smuggle
to illegally bring things into a country (schmuggeln)
60
villainy
exceptional badness, as demonstrated by many serious evil deeds (Schurkerei, Gemeinheit)
61
addictive
making someone want it so much that the person feels ill without it (süchtig)
62
cartel
a small group controlling a certain area of business (Kartell)
63
concentrated
strong because large amounts are in a certain space (konzentriert)
64
interdict
to keep something from reaching a certain place (verbieten, untersagen)
65
juxtapose
place next to one another (nebeneinanderstellen, nebeneinandersetzen)
66
misconception
a mistaken belief (Missverständnis)
67
modify
make small changes in order to get a certain result (modifizieren, verändern)
68
potent
powerful (mächtig, leistungsfähig, wirksam, stark)
69
residual
left behind after most of a thing has gone (verbleibend, restlich)
70
subtly
in a quiet, hard-to-notice way (subtil, geschickt, fein, unterschwellig)

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