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TOEFL > Government and Justice > Flashcards

Government and Justice Flashcards

1
Q

advocate

A

to speak out in favor of something (befürworten, verteidigen, verfechten)

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2
Q

authority

A

the power to make decisions, to tell others what to do (Autorität, Befugnis, Berechtigung)

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3
Q

bitterly

A

strongly and with a lot of bad feelings (bitter)

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4
Q

candidate

A

someone who wants to be chosen, especially in an election, for a position (Kandidat)

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5
Q

coalition

A

a group of several different groups or countries that are working together to achieve a certain goal (Koalition, Zusammenschluss, Vereinigung)

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6
Q

contest

A

to challenge (bestreiten, anfechten, Wettkampf, Gewinnspiel)

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7
Q

election

A

a process in which people choose officials (Wahl)

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8
Q

inaugurate

A

to bring into public office; to start formally (einweihen, einführen, förmlich eröffnen)

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9
Q

policy

A

an approved way for approaching (bevorstehend) a certain kind of situation (Regelwerk, Grundsatz, Richtlinie)

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10
Q

poll

A

to find out a small group’s opinion so that you can guess what a much larger group thinks (befragen, umfragen, Umfrage)

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11
Q

accuse

A

to say that someone did something wrong (beschuldigen, anklagen, bezichtigen, anschuldigen)

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12
Q

allegedly

A

according to what people say (angeblich, vermeintlich)

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13
Q

civil

A

involving a dispute between two citizens, not a criminal charge (bürgerlich)

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14
Q

convict

A

to decide that someone is guilty of a crime (verurteilen, überführen)

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15
Q

guilty

A

responsible for doing something bad (schuldig)

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16
Q

offense

A

a specific act that breaks the law (Vergehen, Beleidigung, Angriff, Verstoß)

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17
Q

peer

A

a person who is one’s social equal (gleichrangig)

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18
Q

suspect

A

someone who, in the opinion of the police might have committed a certain crime (Verdächtiger)

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19
Q

verdict

A

a judgement in a court case (Urteil, Urteilsspruch)

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20
Q

witness

A

to see something, especially a crime, happen (Zeuge, bezeugen)

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21
Q

apprehend

A

to capture (festnehmen, verstehen, begreifen, erfassen)

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22
Q

ascertain

A

to make sure of (feststellen, ermitteln, nachprüfen)

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23
Q

bureaucratic

A

related to a large organization with a lot of complicated procedures (bürokratisch)

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24
Q

condemn

A

to speak out agains something in very strong terms (verurteilen, verwerfen, tadeln, verachten)

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25
Q

evidence

A

something that makes the truth of a statement seem more likely (Beleg, Beweis)

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26
Q

implicate

A

to suggest that someone was involved in a crime or other wrong behavior (beinhalten, verwickeln, einschließen)

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27
Q

inquiry

A

an investigation (Ermittlung, Anfrage, Prüfung, Nachfrage)

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28
Q

intrusively

A

in a way that brings an unwanted person or thing into someone else’s affairs (aufdringlich)

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29
Q

seize

A

to make something agains its owners will (ergreifen, beschlagnahmen, packen, erfassen, konfiszieren)

30
Q

surveillance

A

a process of watching something or someone for a long time, usually because the person is suspected of something (Überwachung, Kontrolle, Observation)

31
Q

analyze

A

to examine something by looking at its parts (analysieren, auswerten)

32
Q

assail

A

to attack or criticize forcefully (angreifen, überfallen, überschütten, überstürmen)

33
Q

contrary

A

opposite (gegensätzlich)

34
Q

hypothesize

A

to make a guess, the correctness of which will eventually be investigated systematically (hypothesieren, vermuten, eine Hypothese aufstellen)

35
Q

impair

A

to make something less effective than usual (beeinträchtigen, schädigen, schwächen)

36
Q

inference

A

a conclusion drawn from evidence (Schlussfolgerung, Folgerung)

37
Q

objectively

A

based on unbiased standards, not personal opinion (objektiv)

38
Q

suspicious

A

believing that something is wrong (verdächtig)

39
Q

tolerate

A

to avoid getting upset about something (tolerieren, dulden)

40
Q

versus

A

against (gegen)

41
Q

bribery

A

giving money or other gifts to a government official or other person in authority in order to get special privileges (Bestechung)

42
Q

cynically

A

disrespectfully; emphasizing the weaknesses of otherwise respected things (zynisch)

43
Q

erode

A

to wear away and become smaller (zerfressen, auswaschen, ausfressen)

44
Q

evade

A

to get away from something that tries to catch you (ausweichen, umgehen, vermeiden)

45
Q

grotesque

A

extremely unattractive, in a way, that catches a lot of attention (grotesk, bizarr, absurd)

46
Q

integrity

A

personal honesty and good character (Rechtschaffenheit, Richtigkeit, Seriosität)

47
Q

prevalent

A

common; easy to find because it exists in great amounts (vorherrschend, verbreitet, vorwiegend)

48
Q

reform

A

to make big improvements (verbessern, umgestalten, umformen, reformieren)

49
Q

scandal

A

a case of wrongdoing that hurts someone’s reputation (Skandal, Eklat, Affäre)

50
Q

unmask

A

reveal; expose something that is hidden (entlarven, enttarnen, bloßstellen

51
Q

abduction

A

kidnapping (Entführung, Verschleppung)

52
Q

coerce

A

to force; to put pressure on someone to do something (zwingen, nötigen)

53
Q

detain

A

to prevent someone, for a relatively short time, from going on their way (festnehmen, abhalten, hindern)

54
Q

deviant

A

in a style thet is not normal and is offensive to many (abweichend, abartig)

55
Q

distort

A

to twist or misrepresent; to makesomething seem different from what it really is (verzerren, verdreht)

56
Q

intentionally

A

on purpose, not by accident (absichtlich, vorsätzlich)

57
Q

piracy

A

stealing a ship or taking its cargo (Piraterie)

58
Q

predicament

A

a difficult situation, one that is hard to get out of (Zwickmühle, Zwangslage)

59
Q

smuggle

A

to illegally bring things into a country (schmuggeln)

60
Q

villainy

A

exceptional badness, as demonstrated by many serious evil deeds (Schurkerei, Gemeinheit)

61
Q

addictive

A

making someone want it so much that the person feels ill without it (süchtig)

62
Q

cartel

A

a small group controlling a certain area of business (Kartell)

63
Q

concentrated

A

strong because large amounts are in a certain space (konzentriert)

64
Q

interdict

A

to keep something from reaching a certain place (verbieten, untersagen)

65
Q

juxtapose

A

place next to one another (nebeneinanderstellen, nebeneinandersetzen)

66
Q

misconception

A

a mistaken belief (Missverständnis)

67
Q

modify

A

make small changes in order to get a certain result (modifizieren, verändern)

68
Q

potent

A

powerful (mächtig, leistungsfähig, wirksam, stark)

69
Q

residual

A

left behind after most of a thing has gone (verbleibend, restlich)

70
Q

subtly

A

in a quiet, hard-to-notice way (subtil, geschickt, fein, unterschwellig)

TOEFL (8 decks)

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