government

Question 1

The council and court:
How many in total and in practice
what are the main functions of the council:

three main types of councillor and examples for each:

who argued that ___________________ was Henry’s most influential adviser, and what did this show?

Answer 1

227 total, but six or 7 in practice

to advise the king amd administer the realm on his behalf

members of the nobility- Lord daubeny
churchmen- john morton
laymen/lawyers/gentry- edmund dudley

David Loades argued Lady Margaret Beaufort was Henry’s most influential adviser-this showed someone with no office could still advise the king

Question 2

The council learned:
what part of the reign was this body developed?
function:
why was the council learned ‘shady’?
which historian argued that the council learned caused _____________________
who were the main two people?when were they executed?

Answer 2

• second half of the reign
• to maintain the kings revenue and exploit his prerogative rights, effectively enforced the system of bonds and recognisances
• it was not a recognised court of law so there was no opportunity for appeal.
• Thomas Penn argued the council learned caused fear, frustration and anger
• richard empson and edmund dudley
• 1510

Question 3

What did Henry introduce to the royal household?

what was this? why did it change the character of court?

Answer 3

• The privy chamber
• king could retreat, protected by his most intimate servants
• made it more difficult for those out of favour to regain the kings support

Question 4

Parliament:
2 main functions
first parliament date

Answer 4

to pass laws and grant taxation to the crown

7 november 1485

Question 5

domestic policy: justice and maintenance of order:
what part of the country was there a lack of magnates?
how did henry solve this issue?
why was this a risk and what was the outcome?
who was another risk that was kept under control by bonds and reconisances?

Answer 5

in northwest an east riding of yorkshire
released the yorkist earl of surrey to rule the north on his behalf
hes a known supporter of richard iii, but was loyal for 10 years
Marquis of dorset

Question 6

What was a bond?

what is a recgonisanse?

Answer 6

• a legal document which bound an individual to perform an action or forfeit a specified sum of money if they failed to do so
• a formal acknowledgement of a debt which could be enforced by financial penalty

Question 6

improving royal finances 6 sources:

Answer 6

• crown lands
• profits from feudal dues and the royal perrogative
• customs revenues
• pensions from other powers
• profits of justice
• extraordinary revenue

Question 7

crown lands:
income at start to end of reign:
how was this achieved?

Answer 7

£12,000-42000

administration of income from crown lands through the royal household rather than the inefficient court of exchequer.

Question 8

what were feudal dues and the royal prerogative?
W
FA

Answer 8

wardship: an aspect of the feudal system which enabled the crown to gain the profits from property held by a minor.

feudal aid: a tax imposed on their tenants for knighting the eldest son, the marriage of the eldest daughter

Question 9

who gave henry a pension?
what treaty and when?
how much?

Answer 9

france
traty of etaples 1492
£5000 per annum

Question 10

extraordinary revenue: how much raised in total?
what were consequences of this?
how much from customs revenues?
how much did henry leave all together?

Answer 10

£400,000
rebellions in 1489 and 1497
£34000-38000
£300,000 in jewels and £10,000 cash