Governance Flashcards
Name four elements of disaster that relate to vulnerability and disaster risk
- Economic (creation of wealth and improvement of QoL which is equitably distributed)
- Social (health, education, housing and employment)
- Environmental (care for resource use and distribution)
- Political (human rights, freedom and democracy)
Give some examples of cross-cutting factors
Haiti earthquake 2010, 9000 died from cholera
- drought, violence, armed conflict
What are internal and external cross-cutting factors?
Internal - Political divided
External - Long-term and hard to manage e.g. climate change and drought
Describe the four dimensions of inequality
- Asset (housing and security of tenure, agricultural productivity or goods and savings
- Entitlements (public services, welfare systems, law)
- Political (capacity for political agency possessed by groups or individuals in society)
- Social (space, settlements and bearing on other dimensions of inequality)
Define ‘inequality’
An unfair distribution of assets/ resources and also when people, nations and non-state players have different levels of authority, competence and outcomes
Weak political organisations and political corruption can contribute to a vulnerable population in terms of disaster risk, what is this often related to?
- Population density
- Geographic isolation/ accessibility
- Degree of urbanisation
What redevelopment happened after the 2003 Bam earthquake?
Over 2 years to implement as original plans didn’t consider vulnerability but now has improved irrigation system and a psychological assessment said drug use has increased 50% of men and 15% of women are addicted to opium
What was the effects of the 2011 New Zealand earthquake?
Increased social inequality, $40bn repairs but 25% of total employment lost. 10 million columns implemented to prevent liquefaction
Name four ways disasters limit or destroy development
- destruction of physical assets and production capacity
- damage to infrastructure and livelihoods
- destruction of health and education infrastructure
- deaths and migration of productive workers
Name two ways development causes disaster risk
- unsustainable development practices create unsafe working conditions and environment quality
- promote social isolation or political exclusion
Name three ways development reduces disaster risk
- access to safe drinking water, secure dwellings and resilience
- fair trade and tech to reduce poverty
- build communities and provide opportunity for decision making
Name three ways disasters create development opportunities
- Favourable environment for advocacy for disaster risk reduction
- Decision makers more willing to allocate resources in the wake of a disaster
- Rehab and reconstruction create opportunity for integrating disaster risk measures
Give five human factors that can turn natural hazards into disasters in LEDCs
- low wealth for protection
- lack of education to protect themselves
- poor quality housing
- poor health care
- lack of income opportunities to prepare
Give three physical factors that can turn natural hazards into disasters in LEDCs
- high population density
- urbanisation
- poor access for rescuers
What seven factors are controlled by governance?
- building codes and regulations
- infrastructure
- preparation plan
- emergency services
- communication systems
- public education
- corruption
How did corruption differ in Haiti, China and Japan?
H - High corruption so buildings regulations ignored
C - Arrest of corrupt public official
J - Low corruption and good quality buildings
How did the Eyjafjallajokull volcanic eruption of 2010 disrupt car manufacturing
- Disruption to airfreight
- Nissan plant in Japan has to stop manufacturing the Cube and two other cars because they ran out of a critical sensor imported from Ireland
- Air freight is few but critical with few alternative suppliers
How did the Japanese Tohoku tsunami impact LNG prices
- Access and price of liquified natural gas
- Japan’s demand increased
- Quickest rate of energy consumption increase
Why are the Philippines considered one of the most disaster prone countries in the world?
- Across a major convergent plate boundary
- Northern and Eastern coasts face Pacific Ocean
- 6-9 typhoons a year due to SE. Asia typhoon belt
- 22 active volcanoes
Why is the Philippines so vulnerable?
- Lower-middle income country
- Rapid urbanisation
- High population density
- 25% live in poverty
Give an example of the multiple hazard zone in the Philippines
- 2006 earthquake
- Generated 3m high tsunami
- Killed 15, injured 100, damaged 800 buildings
- Landslides breached crater wall of a volcano which fell into a river causing a flood and washed away houses
