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MSK > Gout & Pseudogout > Flashcards

Gout & Pseudogout Flashcards

1
Q

what causes gout

A

hyperuricaemia

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2
Q

what type of crystals are present in gout

A

monourate crystals

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3
Q

where do >50% of cases of gout occur

A

big toe- metatarsophalangeal joint

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4
Q

the deposition of what causes gout

A

monourate crystals

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5
Q

why do crystal deposit in joints and kidney

A

slow blood flow across those areas

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6
Q

a diet high in what causes gout

A

high in purines

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7
Q

which gender are most likely to suffer from GOUT

A

men

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8
Q

what are 2 risk factors for gout

A

obesity and diabetes

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9
Q

give 2 medications that can cause gout

A

aspirin

thiazide diuretics

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10
Q

give 4 foods that are high in purines

A

shell fish
anchovies
red meat
high sugar drinks

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11
Q

what happens as a result of monosodium urate crystal deposition

A

acute inflammation

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12
Q

what is gout of the bog toe called

A

podagra

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13
Q

how will a patient with gout present i.e the joint

A

red
hot
swollen
painful to touch

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14
Q

what are tophi

A

onion like aggregates of urate crystals
filled with inflammatory cells
seen in chronic gout
deposit in joint spaces

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15
Q

what can repeated attacks of gout cause

A

arthritis

tophi

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16
Q

is alcohol a cause of gout

A

yes

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17
Q

what is 1st line treatment for acute attack of gout

A

NSAID e.g. diclofenac/ibuprofen

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18
Q

what is 1st line medication in acute attack of gout for someone contraindicated to NSAID

A

colchicine

19
Q

what medication should not be used in acute attacks of gout

A

allopurinol

20
Q

which medication is an example of a xanthate oxidase inhibitor

A

allopurinol

21
Q

what is the moa of a xanthate oxidase inhibitor

A

inhibit formation of uric acid

reduce concentration

22
Q

in what condition should ibuprofen not be used to treat gout

A

chronic kidney failure

23
Q

what medication is used to treat longterm/chronic gout

A

allopurinol/febuxistat

24
Q

what is the moa of allopurinol

A

increase uric acid excretion via urine

25
Q

what medications can be used if a patient in contraindicated for both nsaids and colchicine for an acute attack

A

oral steroids

26
Q

what medications can be used if a patient in contraindicated for both nsaids and colchicine for an acute attack

A

oral steroids

27
Q

how is gout diagnosed

A

presentation of symptoms
analysis of synovial fluid
imaging

28
Q

what would analysis of synovial fluid show in gout

A

negative birefringent urate crystals

29
Q

would serum urate be high/low in gout

A

high

30
Q

how can you effectively manage gout

not med

A

rest and elevated leg

ice pack

31
Q

how can you prevent gout

A

reduce alcohol intake
reduce food triggers and those high in purines and fructose
lose weight

32
Q

how would radiographs of acute gout present

A

soft tissue swelling

rate bit erosions

33
Q

what is the cause of pseudogout

A

calcium pyrophosphate deposition

34
Q

give 3 risk factors for the development of pseudogout

A

increased age
hypoparathyroidism
hypothyroidism

35
Q

what joint does pseudogout usually affect

A

knee

36
Q

what does the deposition causes in pseudogout

A

inflammation of joint

37
Q

what immune cell is part of the acute response in pseudogout

A

neutrophil

38
Q

how might the affected joint in pseudogout present

A

swollen
red
painful
stiffness

39
Q

give 4 examples of trigger for pseudogout

A

trauma
surgery
dehydration
recurrent illness

40
Q

what are the characteristic of crystals that present in pseudogout

A

weakly positive birefringent crystals

41
Q

what method can be used to collect fluid and crystals from affected joint

A

athrocentesis

42
Q

how might an xray of pseudogout present

A

chondrocalcinosis

43
Q

what is chrondrocalcinosis

A

calcification of the cartilage

44
Q

what is 1st line treatment for pseudogout

A

nsaid/colchicine

MSK (7 decks)

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