Gout & Pseudogout

Question 1

what causes gout

Answer 1

hyperuricaemia

Question 2

what type of crystals are present in gout

Answer 2

monourate crystals

Question 3

where do >50% of cases of gout occur

Answer 3

big toe- metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 4

the deposition of what causes gout

Answer 4

monourate crystals

Question 5

why do crystal deposit in joints and kidney

Answer 5

slow blood flow across those areas

Question 6

a diet high in what causes gout

Answer 6

high in purines

Question 7

which gender are most likely to suffer from GOUT

Answer 7

men

Question 8

what are 2 risk factors for gout

Answer 8

obesity and diabetes

Question 9

give 2 medications that can cause gout

Answer 9

aspirin

thiazide diuretics

Question 10

give 4 foods that are high in purines

Answer 10

shell fish
anchovies
red meat
high sugar drinks

Question 11

what happens as a result of monosodium urate crystal deposition

Answer 11

acute inflammation

Question 12

what is gout of the bog toe called

Answer 12

podagra

Question 13

how will a patient with gout present i.e the joint

Answer 13

red
hot
swollen
painful to touch

Question 14

what are tophi

Answer 14

onion like aggregates of urate crystals
filled with inflammatory cells
seen in chronic gout
deposit in joint spaces

Question 15

what can repeated attacks of gout cause

Answer 15

arthritis

tophi

Question 16

is alcohol a cause of gout

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

what is 1st line treatment for acute attack of gout

Answer 17

NSAID e.g. diclofenac/ibuprofen

Question 18

what is 1st line medication in acute attack of gout for someone contraindicated to NSAID

Answer 18

colchicine

Question 19

what medication should not be used in acute attacks of gout

Answer 19

allopurinol

Question 20

which medication is an example of a xanthate oxidase inhibitor

Answer 20

allopurinol

Question 21

what is the moa of a xanthate oxidase inhibitor

Answer 21

inhibit formation of uric acid

reduce concentration

Question 22

in what condition should ibuprofen not be used to treat gout

Answer 22

chronic kidney failure

Question 23

what medication is used to treat longterm/chronic gout

Answer 23

allopurinol/febuxistat

Question 24

what is the moa of allopurinol

Answer 24

increase uric acid excretion via urine

Question 25

what medications can be used if a patient in contraindicated for both nsaids and colchicine for an acute attack

Answer 25

oral steroids

Question 26

what medications can be used if a patient in contraindicated for both nsaids and colchicine for an acute attack

Answer 26

oral steroids

Question 27

how is gout diagnosed

Answer 27

presentation of symptoms analysis of synovial fluid imaging

Question 28

what would analysis of synovial fluid show in gout

Answer 28

negative birefringent urate crystals

Question 29

would serum urate be high/low in gout

Answer 29

high

Question 30

how can you effectively manage gout | not med

Answer 30

rest and elevated leg | ice pack

Question 31

how can you prevent gout

Answer 31

reduce alcohol intake reduce food triggers and those high in purines and fructose lose weight

Question 32

how would radiographs of acute gout present

Answer 32

soft tissue swelling | rate bit erosions

Question 33

what is the cause of pseudogout

Answer 33

calcium pyrophosphate deposition

Question 34

give 3 risk factors for the development of pseudogout

Answer 34

increased age hypoparathyroidism hypothyroidism

Question 35

what joint does pseudogout usually affect

Answer 35

knee

Question 36

what does the deposition causes in pseudogout

Answer 36

inflammation of joint

Question 37

what immune cell is part of the acute response in pseudogout

Answer 37

neutrophil

Question 38

how might the affected joint in pseudogout present

Answer 38

swollen red painful stiffness

Question 39

give 4 examples of trigger for pseudogout

Answer 39

trauma surgery dehydration recurrent illness

Question 40

what are the characteristic of crystals that present in pseudogout

Answer 40

weakly positive birefringent crystals

Question 41

what method can be used to collect fluid and crystals from affected joint

Answer 41

athrocentesis

Question 42

how might an xray of pseudogout present

Answer 42

chondrocalcinosis

Question 43

what is chrondrocalcinosis

Answer 43

calcification of the cartilage

Question 44

what is 1st line treatment for pseudogout

Answer 44

nsaid/colchicine