Gout & Pseudogout Flashcards

1
Q

what causes gout

A

hyperuricaemia

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2
Q

what type of crystals are present in gout

A

monourate crystals

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3
Q

where do >50% of cases of gout occur

A

big toe- metatarsophalangeal joint

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4
Q

the deposition of what causes gout

A

monourate crystals

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5
Q

why do crystal deposit in joints and kidney

A

slow blood flow across those areas

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6
Q

a diet high in what causes gout

A

high in purines

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7
Q

which gender are most likely to suffer from GOUT

A

men

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8
Q

what are 2 risk factors for gout

A

obesity and diabetes

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9
Q

give 2 medications that can cause gout

A

aspirin

thiazide diuretics

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10
Q

give 4 foods that are high in purines

A

shell fish
anchovies
red meat
high sugar drinks

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11
Q

what happens as a result of monosodium urate crystal deposition

A

acute inflammation

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12
Q

what is gout of the bog toe called

A

podagra

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13
Q

how will a patient with gout present i.e the joint

A

red
hot
swollen
painful to touch

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14
Q

what are tophi

A

onion like aggregates of urate crystals
filled with inflammatory cells
seen in chronic gout
deposit in joint spaces

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15
Q

what can repeated attacks of gout cause

A

arthritis

tophi

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16
Q

is alcohol a cause of gout

A

yes

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17
Q

what is 1st line treatment for acute attack of gout

A

NSAID e.g. diclofenac/ibuprofen

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18
Q

what is 1st line medication in acute attack of gout for someone contraindicated to NSAID

A

colchicine

19
Q

what medication should not be used in acute attacks of gout

A

allopurinol

20
Q

which medication is an example of a xanthate oxidase inhibitor

A

allopurinol

21
Q

what is the moa of a xanthate oxidase inhibitor

A

inhibit formation of uric acid

reduce concentration

22
Q

in what condition should ibuprofen not be used to treat gout

A

chronic kidney failure

23
Q

what medication is used to treat longterm/chronic gout

A

allopurinol/febuxistat

24
Q

what is the moa of allopurinol

A

increase uric acid excretion via urine

25
what medications can be used if a patient in contraindicated for both nsaids and colchicine for an acute attack
oral steroids
26
what medications can be used if a patient in contraindicated for both nsaids and colchicine for an acute attack
oral steroids
27
how is gout diagnosed
presentation of symptoms analysis of synovial fluid imaging
28
what would analysis of synovial fluid show in gout
negative birefringent urate crystals
29
would serum urate be high/low in gout
high
30
how can you effectively manage gout | not med
rest and elevated leg | ice pack
31
how can you prevent gout
reduce alcohol intake reduce food triggers and those high in purines and fructose lose weight
32
how would radiographs of acute gout present
soft tissue swelling | rate bit erosions
33
what is the cause of pseudogout
calcium pyrophosphate deposition
34
give 3 risk factors for the development of pseudogout
increased age hypoparathyroidism hypothyroidism
35
what joint does pseudogout usually affect
knee
36
what does the deposition causes in pseudogout
inflammation of joint
37
what immune cell is part of the acute response in pseudogout
neutrophil
38
how might the affected joint in pseudogout present
swollen red painful stiffness
39
give 4 examples of trigger for pseudogout
trauma surgery dehydration recurrent illness
40
what are the characteristic of crystals that present in pseudogout
weakly positive birefringent crystals
41
what method can be used to collect fluid and crystals from affected joint
athrocentesis
42
how might an xray of pseudogout present
chondrocalcinosis
43
what is chrondrocalcinosis
calcification of the cartilage
44
what is 1st line treatment for pseudogout
nsaid/colchicine