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Gastro > GORD > Flashcards

GORD Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of GORD?

A

Caused by reflux of stomach contents into the oesophagus = irritation

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2
Q

Damage to what cause discomfort in patients with GORD? Explain the pathophysiology?

A

Damage to the squamous epithelial lining

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3
Q

Where does GORD occur mostly?

A

At the gastro oesophageal junction

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4
Q

What are the 2 main pathophysiologies that cause GORD?

A

Relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter

In intragastric volume pressure

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5
Q

What is the function of the oesophageal sphincter?

A

Barrier for food and drink to prevent it going back into the oesophagus

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6
Q

What is the job of parietal cells in the stomach?

A

Produce HCL to help with digestion of food

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7
Q

What is the function of the ECL cells in the stomach?

A

Stimulates HCL release into the stomach

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8
Q

Give examples of 3 dietary risk factors for GORD?

A

Smoking
Alcohol
Obesity
Fatty foods

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9
Q

Give 5 examples of risk factors for GORD?

A 
Obesity 
Smoking
Fatty food
Obesity
Pregnancy 
Hiatus hernia
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10
Q

What is a hiatus hernia?

A

When the top part of the stomach has herniated though a weak part of the diaphragm

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11
Q

How does a hiatus hernia cause GORD?

A

The herniated stomach applies pressure on the lower oesophageal sphincter which causes pooling of gastric acid

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12
Q

Give 6 symptoms of GORD?

A 
Heart burn
Acid brash 
Dysphasia 
Cough 
Laryngitis 
Sinusitis
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13
Q

How will heart burn present in a patient with GORD?

A

Worse when losing down

Worse after eating

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14
Q

How might the heart burn be described from a patient suffering from GORD?

A

Angina like pain

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15
Q

What causes bitter taste in the mouth of a patient suffering from GORD?

A

Acid regurgitation

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16
Q

What feeling in the throat can be described in a patient suffering from GORD?

A

Lump in the throat

17
Q

Why might a patient suffering from GORD suffer from chest infection?

A

Aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs

18
Q

What causes morning hoarseness in a patient suffering from GORD?

A

Gastric acid in the voice box causing it to wear away

19
Q

What are 3 investigation methods used to investigate GORD?

A

Endoscopy
24 hour PH monitoring
Barium swallowing

20
Q

What lifestyle changes are recommended for the treatment of GORD?

A 
Weight loss
Stop smoking 
Avoid alcohol
Avoid mint
Small regular meals 
Avoid eating 3hours before bed 
Reduce caffeine, soft drinks, hot drinks, citrus fruits
21
Q

Give an example of a PPI that is used to treat GORD?

A

Omeprazole

22
Q

What are 3 medications used to treat GORD

A

PPI
antacids
Pro kinetics

23
Q

What is the MOA of omeprazole in the treatment for GORD?

A

Blocks the secretion of HCL

24
Q

What is a long term risk with use of omeprazole associated with?

A

Increased risk of bone fractures

25
Q

What are the MOA of antacids?

A

Neutralise the HCl

26
Q

What is the aim of surgery in treatment fro GORD?

A

Aims to increase resting lower oesophageal sphincter pressure

27
Q

What are 3 complications associated with GORD?

A

Oesophagitis
Oesophageal stricture
Barrett’s oesophagigus

28
Q

What causes the formation of oesophageal stricture in GORD?

A

Fibrosis which causes luminal constriction and narrowing

29
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Barrett’s oesophagus?

A

Replacement of columnar epithelium with squamous epithelium

30
Q

What is Barrett’s oesophagus associated with increase of?

A

Adenocarcinoma of the Oesophagus

Gastro (11 decks)

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