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Gastro > cholecystits. cholelitheiasis & gall stones > Flashcards

cholecystits. cholelitheiasis & gall stones Flashcards

1
Q

What is acute cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

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2
Q

What is the main cause of acute cholecystiti?

A

Gallstones

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3
Q

Where do gallstones get stuck?

A

In the cystic duct obstruction

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4
Q

What accounts for 90% of acute cholecystitis

A

Gall stones

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5
Q

What is cause of acute cholecystitis in South Asia, Latin America and Africa

A

Helminths infection

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6
Q

What causes irritation and as a result increased pressure

A

Bile getting trapped in the gallbladder

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7
Q

What kind of pain does a patient with acute cholecystitis complain of?

A

Severe RUQ pain

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8
Q

Where does pain get referred to in a patient with acute cholecystitis?

A

Shoulder

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9
Q

When will patient feel worse pain suffering from acute cholecystitis

A

After eating greasy heavy meal

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10
Q

What other symptoms does patient with acute cholecystitis suffer from?

A 
RUQ pain 
Vomiting 
Nausea 
Fever 
Tenderness
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11
Q

What positive sign would you expects today see in a patient with acute cholecystitis

A

Positive Murphy sign

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12
Q

What is the main difference between biliary colic and acute cholecystitis

A

Inflammatory component e.g. fever, peritonitis and increased weight cell count

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13
Q

What blood results would you expect from a patient with acute cholecystitis

A

Leukocytosis

Abnormal LFT

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14
Q

What imaging technique could be used to visualise gallstones in acute cholecystitis

A

Ultrasound

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15
Q

What treatment for acute Cholecystitis

A

Pain relief

IV antibiotics

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16
Q

Does acute cholecystitis present with jaundice

A

No

17
Q

What are 3 complications of acute cholecystitis

A

Chronic cholecystitis
mucocele
Emyphema

18
Q

What does cholelithieiasis refer to?

A

formation of gallstones

19
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

emulsifies fat and makes it easier to break down so it can be easily absorbed

20
Q

what is bile made up of?

A

cholesterol
bilirubin
calcium salts

21
Q

What does an imbalance in the mixture of bilirubin cause?

A

formation of gallstones

22
Q

how many different types of gallstones are there?

A

2 types

23
Q

what are the different types of gallstones that can be formed

A

Cholesterol gallstones
pigmented gallstones:
1. black
2. brown

24
Q

which tyoe of gallstone accounts up to 80% of gallstones

A

cholesterol gallstones

25
Q

what are the reasons for cholesterol gallstone formation?

A

excess cholesterol

relative deficiency of bile salts and phospholipids

26
Q

what would a black pigmented gall stone indiciated?

A

haemolysis

27
Q

what would a brown pigmented gallstone indicate?

A

infection

28
Q

What do pigmented stones consist of?

A

excess billirubin and calcium billirubinate

29
Q

give an example of a condition that may present with black pigmented gallstones

A

sickle cell anaemia

30
Q

what are the 5 risk factors for gallstone formation?

A 
fat
female 
40
family history
fertile
31
Q

give other causes of gallstone formation other than the 5 F’s

A

older age
obesity
pregnancy
rapid weight loss

32
Q

why can being overweight/obese increase risk of developing gallstones

A

high levels of cholesterol in bile

33
Q

why does being female increase risk of gallstone formation (2 reasons)

A
  1. progesterone reduces gallbladder contractibility = increased retention of bile
  2. oestrogen increases stone formation
34
Q

what type of contraception taken by women can increase chances of developing gallstones?

A

oral contraceptive pills

35
Q

why can recent rapid weight loss increases chances of developing gallstones

A

prevents gall bladder from emptying properly

36
Q

give an example of a medication that can increase gallstone formation?

A

antibiotics e.g. ceftriaxone

37
Q

what is a biloary colic?

A

pain associated with obstruction of the cystic duct

38
Q

when might a patient have worsen RUQ pain?

A

after eating

39
Q

why does eating cause worsen RUQ pain in gallstone formation?

A

eating causes the gallbladder to contract in trying to release bile

Gastro (11 decks)

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