Goniometry Flashcards
Shoulder Flexion
Normal range: 0°-180°
Axis: 1” below acromion process
SA: Parallel to mid-axillary line
MA: Along lateral midline of humerus
Shoulder Extension
Normal range: 0°-60°
Axis: 1” below acromion process
SA: Parallel to mid-axillary line
MA: Along lateral midline of humerus
Shoulder Abduction
Normal range: 0°-180°
Axis: Posterior aspect of glenohumeral joint
SA: Parallel to vertebral column
MA: Along lateral midline of humerus
Shoulder Internal Rotation
Normal range: 0°-90°
Axis: Olecranon process
SA: Parallel to mid-axillary line
MA: Along midline of Ulna
Shoulder External Rotation
Normal range: 0°-70°
Axis: Olecranon process
SA: Parallel to mid-axillary line
MA: Along midline of Ulna
Elbow Flexion
Normal range: 0°-150°
Axis: Lateral epicondyle
SA: Along midline of Humerus
MA: Along midline of Radius
Elbow Extension
Normal range: 0°
Axis: Lateral epicondyle
SA: Along midline of Humerus
MA: Along midline of Radius
Forearm Pronation
Normal range: 0°-80°
Axis: Proximal to Ulnar styloid, dorsal aspect of wrist
SA: Perpendicular to floor
MA: Resting against dorsal aspect of wrist
Forearm Supination
Normal range: 0°-85°
Axis: Proximal to Ulnar styloid, volar aspect of wrist
SA: Perpendicular to floor
MA: Resting against volar aspect of wrist
Wrist Flexion
Normal range: 0° to 75°-80°
Axis: Lateral aspect of the wrist, distal to Ulnar styloid
SA: Parallel to Ulna
MA: Parallel to the 5th metacarpal
Wrist Extension
Normal range: 0°-70°
Axis: Lateral aspect of the wrist, distal to Ulnar styloid
SA: Parallel to Ulna
MA: Parallel to the 5th metacarpal
Radial Deviation
Normal range: 0°-20°
Axis: Dorsum of wrist at base of 3rd metacarpal
SA: Midline of forearm
MA: Parallel to the 3rd metacarpal
Ulnar Deviation
Normal range: 0° to 30°-35°
Axis: Dorsum of wrist at base of the 3rd metacarpal
SA: Midline of forearm
MA: Parallel to the 3rd metacarpal
