Gonadal hormones Flashcards
How many carbons for each gonadal hormones.
Estrogen 18C
Progesterone C-21 steroid
Testosterone C-19 steroid
Full estrogen antagonist.
Partial estrogen antagonist and agonist.
Clomiphene and Tamoxifen
Raloxifine (Selective E receptor modulator SERM)
How does Clomiphene stimulate ovulation?
Interferes with negative feedback of E on hypothalamus and pituitary thus inc. secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Raloxifine agonist and antagonist effect?
Agonist: reduced bone resorption thereby decreases bone turnover and on lipid metabolism
Antagonist: Effect on uterine and breast tissues
Antiestrogen drugs’ side effects.
Tamoxifen: hot flashes, vag bleeding, mens irreg, risk of endometrial cancer, n & v (least nauseating anticancer drug)
Clomiphene: ovarian enlargement, vasomotor flushes, visual disturbances
Raloxifine: hot flushes
Basic nucleus of Progesterone.
Pregnane
Two types of Progesterone.
17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone such as medroxyprogesterone acetate and megestrol acetate.
17-alpha ethinylandrogens (more potent) Norethindrone and Norethynodrel
Norethindrone and Norethynodrel are commonly used as what?
oral contraceptives due to potent oral activity, more lipid soluble and less first pass metabolism
Progesterone is used alone for the treatment of what?
Amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding and endometriosis
Injection used for amenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding, and dosing.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera injection) 150mg injected every 3 months
Progesterone SE
Unexpected or increased lactation, depression, loss or changes in speech, coordination, stomach pain, swelling of face ankles feet, moods fatigue
OCP used when progesterone levels are high and as abortifacient MOA.
Mifepristone (RU 486) - partial ago and anta progesterone. Interferes with progesterone and decreases hCG production
Estrogen SEs
Feminization, nausea, stomach upset, depression, weight gain, inc blood clotting, edema, HTN, stroke MI, late bleeding
Anastrozole and Finasteride are what type of inhibitors?
Anatrozole- Aromatase inhibitors
Finasteride- 5-alphase reductase inhibitors
Depo-provera can be used postabortal state when? And during lactation?
postabortal state - 5 days postpartum
during lactation - 6wk postpartum
Why is Progestrin the DOC during lactation?
Unlike Estrogen, do not inhibit the binding of prolactin to its receptors hence no decrease in breast milk.
IUDs danger signal.
ACHES. Abdominal pain Chest pain/SOB Headache Eye pain and Severe leg pain
This OCP inhibits cervical sperm penetration by thickening cervical mucus. Contains 28 active drugs.
Progesterone only oral; Norethidrone (Micronor)
Used for erectile dysfunction to Pts taking Nitrates or alpha blockers. Give dosing
PGE1 Analogs: 1) Alprostadil
2) Caverject (intracavernosal inj) - nmt OD or 3x wkly at 24h each dose
3) MUSE (intraurethral pellet) nmt once per 24h
Toxic Shock Syndrome is from what strain? From what use of OCP?
S. aureus
from use of tampons sponges IUD and cervical caps
Obstructive and irritative symptoms of BPH.
Obstructive: weak stream, difficulty initiating, stream starts and stops, inability to terminate, post void dripping, urinary retention, feeling of incomplete empty bladder
Irritative: frequency, nocturia, pain during urination, urgency
Most common form of vaginitis. Describe discharge.
Bacterial vaginosis. Creamy and fishy odor (yellow/gray) discharge. STD
Severe pruritus vaginitis. Describe discharge. And DOC treatment.
Vaginal candidiasis. White cottage cheese, curdy discharge. Not STD
Tx Miconazole, Clotrimazole and Nystatin
Protozoa infection vaginitis. Describe discharge
Trichomoniasis. Frothy, wet discharge. STD
Vaginal discharge, spotting and soreness, burning vaginitis. And DOC treatment.
Atrophy. Metronidazole
DOC for enuresis(bed wetting)
DDAVP antiduiretic hormone derivatives desmopressin
DOC for urinary incontinence, an anticholinergic drug acts on M3 receptor
Oxybutynin
Drugs that should be avoided in urinary incontinence.
Furosemide, glucocorticoids and thiazolidinediones
Not a symptom of BPH
Jet stream urination
Herbal product for prostatic hyperplasia.
Saw palmetto
When to take OCP postpartum.
After 6 weeks postpartum
Explain antiandrogen 5-alpha reductase inhibitor MOA.
5-alpha reductase catalyses testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which prostate growth is dependent on, rather than testosterone.
- Hormone used to improve uterine contraction in labor and to control postpartum bleeding is:
- What type of hormone is Diethylstilbestrol
- Oxytocin
- non-steroidal synthetic hormone
