Anesthetics

Question 1

Chemical structure of local anesthetics.

Answer 1

Hydrophilic amino group through ester or amide functional groups

Question 2

Ester type local anes drugs.

Answer 2

Cocaine, pro, benzo, tetra, chloropro

Short acting due to rapid hydrolysis then produces para amino benzoic acid (PABA)

Question 3

Amide type local anes drugs.

Answer 3

Long acting: Lido, Dibu prilo mepiva bupiva etido,

procainamide longer than procaine due to isosteric replacement of ester O2 with N atom

Question 4

General anesthetics drug examples

Answer 4

Ketamine (SA) Thiopental (Ultra SA) Propofol, Halothane Iso Enflu Fentanyl

Question 5

Ketamine SEs

Answer 5

Sedation immobility amnesia nightmares

Question 6

Halothane SEs

Answer 6

malignant hyperthermia

Question 7

Sedative or hypnotic, induction and maintenance of anesthesia , fast onset (40 secs of admin)

Answer 7

Propofol

Question 8

SA non-barbiturate anesthetic induces dissociated state in which the pt appears awake but in unconscious and does not feel pain

Answer 8

Ketamine

Question 9

Rapid acting barbiturate.

Answer 9

Thiopental

Question 10

Halothane and Enflurane.

Answer 10

Halo: Pediatrics
Enflu: Adults

Question 11

May be the most widely used inhalation agent.

Answer 11

Isoflurane

Question 12

A narcotic, available as transdermal patch, has good analgesic property.

Answer 12

Fentanyl

Question 13

Mixed with generalized seizures (t/c, myoclonus, absence) SEs

Answer 13

Carboxylic acid derivatives: Valp acid, Divalproex
SE: teratogenicity, NTD for pregnancy
NO intraxn w OCPs, low rashes SJS

Question 14

Other anticonvulsant that is the alternate DOC for pregnancy, explain. SEs

Answer 14

Lamotrigine due to low teratogenicity. Insomia rash no enzyme induction

Question 15

Other anticonvulsant that is also used as weight loss drug. SEs

Answer 15

Topiramate. Kidney stones cognitive probs, dec. eff of OCPs, finding of words difficult and expensive