GOM

Question 1

IFR fuel requirements (135.223)

Answer 1

Fly to the destination, shoot an approach, go to the most distant alternate, and fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruise.

Question 2

VFR fuel requirements (135.209)

Answer 2

Day- to destination + 30 mins
Night- to destination + 45 mins

Question 3

With regards to weather reporting, Explain the rules for departing an airport under IFR to a destination. (135.219)

Answer 3

No person may takeoff an aircraft under IFR or over the top operation unless the latest weather reports or forecast or, any combination of them, indicate that weather conditions at the estimated time of arrival at the next airport of intended landing will be at or above authorized IFR landing minimums.

Question 4

Explain weather requirements for starting an instrument approach. (135.225)

Answer 4

No pilot may begin an instrument approach procedure to an airport unless that airport has an approved weather reporting facility, and the latest weather report issued by that weather reporting facility indicates that weather conditions are at or above the authorized IR landing minimums for that airport

Question 5

Explain operations under IFR in uncontrolled airspace or any airport. (135.215)

Answer 5

No pilot may operate IFR outside of controlled airspace or at any airport that does not have an approved standard instrumental approach procedure.

Question 6

C064 and IFR terminal ops in uncontrolled airspace.

Answer 6

C064 prohibits IFR terminal operation in uncontrolled airspace (class G) without an approved source of weather.

Question 7

What weather at your destination determines whether you need an alternate or not? (135.223)

Answer 7

For at least one hour before to one hour after the weather reports or forecasts indicate that the ceiling will be at least 1500’ above the lowest circling MDA.
If a circling appr is not authorized for the airport, the ceiling will be at least 1500’ above the lowest published minimum or 2000’ above the airport, whichever is higher.
Visibility for that airport is forecast to be at least 3 miles, or 2 miles more than the lowest applicable visibility mins, whichever is greater.

Question 8

Part 91.169 alternate weather mins

Answer 8

Precision appr, 600’ and 2 sm

No precision appr, 800’ and 2 sm

Question 9

OpSpec C055
Airport with one NAV facility

Answer 9

For airports with at least one operational NAV facility providing a straight non-precision approach or a straight precision approach. Add 400’ to the MDA or DA(H) and 1 sm to the CAT 1 landing minima

Question 10

OpSpec C055
Airport with at least 2 NAV facilities.

Answer 10

For airports with at least two NAV facilities, each providing a straight in non-precision or straight in precision approach to two different suitable runways. (Must have 2 different identifiers even if they share the same frequency. Runways can be different ends of the same pavement).

Add 200’ to the HIGHER DA(H) of the two approaches being used. And 1/2 sm to the HIGHEST CAT1 landing minima of the two approaches being used.

Question 11

Weather requirements to start an approach

Answer 11

The pilot cannot begin the approach unless the weather is at or above approach minimum. Visibility is controlling.

Question 12

Approach rules if weather drops below mins at the FAF (135.225)

Answer 12

If you have passed the FAF and the weather goes below minimums, you can continue the approach and land if you find upon reaching the MDA or DH that the actual weather conditions (flight visibility) is at least equal to landing minimum.

Question 13

Lowest authorized straight in CAT1 landing minima

Answer 13

1800 RVR or 1/2 sm

Question 14

Operation below DH or MDA to descend 100’ above touchdown zone. (135.225)

Answer 14

No pilot may operate an aircraft at any airport below authorized MDA or continue an approach below the authorized DH unless:

a. The aircraft is continuously in a position from which a descent to landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent, using normal maneuvers, and descent rate will allow touchdown in the touchdown zone of the runway of intended landing.
b. The flight visibility is not less than the visibility prescribed in the approach.
c. At least one of the following visual references is visible:
. Appr light system
. Red terminating bars
. Threshold
. Threshold markings
. Threshold lights
. Runway end identifier lights (REIL)
. VASI or PAPI
. Touchdown zone or markings
. Touchdown zone lights (TDZL)
. Runway or runway markings
. Runway lights

Question 15

Duty limits while traveling (135.263)

Answer 15

Time spent in transportation, not local in character, that a certificate holder requires of a flight crewmember and provides to transport the crewmember to an airport at which they are to serve on a flight as a crewmember, or from an airport at which they have been relieved from duty to return to their home station, is not considered part of a rest.

Question 16

Flight time limitations

Answer 16

500 hrs in a quarter
800 hrs in two consecutive quarters
1400 hrs in a year

Question 17

Rest requirements

Answer 17

During any 24 consecutive hours the pilot must have at least 10 consecutive hours of rest.

Must have 13 rest periods of at least 24 hrs each calendar quarter

Question 18

What are the compensatory rest times the certificate holder must give a flight crewmember if the flight times are exceeded?

Answer 18

When a flight crewmember has exceeded the daily flight time limitations, because the circumstances beyond the control of the certificate holder (such as adverse weather conditions), that Flight crewmember must have rest before being assigned or accepting an assignment for Flight of at least:

a. 11 consecutive hrs if times were exceeded but not more than 30 mins

b. 12 consecutive hrs if times were exceeded by 30 mins but not more than 60 mins.

c. 16 consecutive hrs if times exceeded more than 60 mins.

Question 19

Determining a TAKEOFF alternate (135.217)

Answer 19

No person may take off an aircraft under IFR from an airport where weather conditions are at or above takeoff minimums but below authorized IFR landing minimums unless there’s an alternate airport within one hour flying time normal cruise still air of the departure airport.

Question 20

What are the LAHSO limitations? OpSpec A027

Answer 20

a. Landing distance must be AFM performance computation plus 1000’ for the runway being used.
Prohibited on a wet runway

b. Must have visual or electronic vertical guidance

c. weather minimum requires a prevailing weather condition of ceilings no less than 1500 feet and visibility no less than 5 miles

d. Weather minimum may be lowered to 1000 feet and 3 miles if served with a PAPI or VASI

e. Not authorized if Winshire has been reported within the previous 20 minutes

f. Tail wind less than 3 kts

g. Night LAHSO only conducted to runway configured with LAHSO lighting is installed.

Question 21

Pre-takeoff contamination check
OpSpec A041

Answer 21

At any time, the conditions are such that frost, ice or snow may reasonably be expected to adhere to the aircraft. The certificate holder will check the aircraft prior to takeoff or use an approved alternate procedure. The check or procedure shall ensure that the wings control services propellers engine, inlets, and other critical services are free of frost, ice or snow.

Question 22

Operational control with respect to a flight means:

Answer 22

The exercise of authority over initiating, conducting, or terminating a flight operation

Question 23

Tier 1 operational control

Answer 23

Pairing of an airworthy aircraft to an authorized pilot.

Question 24

Tier 2 operational control

Answer 24

The tactical decision making authority granted to the PIC after TIER 1 has been satisfied. All TIER 2 decisions must be made IAW the Guardian Flight GOM, GMM, OpSpecs, company, policies, AFM, and all applicable FAA regulations.

Question 25

Standard airport

Answer 25

Has an authorized approach
Take off can be made in 75% or less of the runway

Question 26

Minimum clearance above terrain

Answer 26

2000’