Golden Age of Microbiology

Question 1

Father of Modern Microbiology
Father of Bacteriology

Answer 1

Louis Pasteur

Question 2

Wonder drug called penicillin

Answer 2

Alexander Fleming

Question 3

Germ theory of disease

Answer 3

Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch

Question 4

He conducted experiments in an aseptically designed box to prove that dust indeed carried the germs

Final blow to spontaneous generation.

Answer 4

John Tyndall

Question 5

Prolonged boiling or intermittent heating was necessary to kill these spores, to make the infusion completely sterilized, a process known as

Answer 5

Tyndallization

Question 6

Discovered tetanus (lock jaw) antitoxin.

Answer 6

Emile Roux
Alexandre Yersin

Question 7

demonstrated that tobacco mosaic virus is caused by an infectious agent smaller than a bacterium.

Answer 7

Beijerinck

Question 8

He demonstrated that if no dust was present, sterile broth remained free of microbial growth for indefinite period even if it was directly exposed to air.

Answer 8

John Tyndall

Question 9

Developed the Petri dish (plate), a container used for solid culture media.

Answer 9

Richard Petri

Question 10

His work on nitrogen cycling includes:
1.
2.

Answer 10

1. Chemosyntesis
2. Winogradsky column

Question 11

Worked on finding the causes of some very nasty animal diseases
1. First anthrax (1876)
2. Tuberculosis

Answer 11

Robert Koch

Question 12

Developed a system of antiseptic surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds by the application of PHENOL on surgical dressings and at times it was sprayed over the surgical areas

Answer 12

Lord Joseph Lister

Question 13

Thus their contribution made the isolation of pure cultures of microorganisms possible and directly stimulated progress in all areas of microbiology.

Answer 13

Robert Koch
Fanny Hesse
Richard Petri

Question 14

This dye with antimicrobial activity was referred to as a ‘magic bullet’.

Answer 14

Trypan Red

Question 15

Only about a week after the announcement of the discovery of tetanus antitoxin, _______ in 1890 reported on immunization against diphtheria by diphtheria antitoxin.

The discovery of toxin-antitoxin relationship was very important to the development of science of immunology.

Answer 15

Von Behring

Question 16

Father of Antiseptic surgery

Answer 16

Lord Joseph Lister

Question 17

Found that the dye, Trypan Red, was active against the trypanosome that causes African sleeping sickness and could be used therapeutically.

Answer 17

Paul Ehrlich

Question 18

Discovered that some blood leukocytes, white blood cells (WBC) protect against disease by engulfing disease-causing bacteria.

These cells were called _______ and the process _______.

Thus, human blood cells also confer immunity, referred to as _______

Answer 18

Elie Metchnikoff
Phagocytes
Phagocytosis
Cellular immunity

Question 19

Proposed four postulates which were published in 1884 and is the cornerstone of the germ theory of diseases and is still in use today to prove the etiology (specific cause) of an infectious disease.

Answer 19

Robert Koch

Question 20

The use of agar in culture media

Agar was superior to gelatin because of its higher melting (i.e. 96°C) and solidifying (i.e. 40-45°C) points than gelatin and was not attacked by most bacteria.

Answer 20

Fanny Hesse

Question 21

He discovered highly resistant bacterial structure, later known as, in the infusion of hay

Answer 21

John Tyndall
Endospore

Question 22

Made the first evidence of the filterability of a pathogenic agent, the virus of tobacco mosaic disease.

His work had launched the emergence of virology.

Answer 22

Dmitri Ivanowski

Question 23

He also found that fermentation of fruits and grains, resulting in alcohol, was brought about by microbes and also determined that bacteria were responsible for the spoilage of wine during fermentation.

Answer 23

Louis Pasteur

Question 24

First direct demonstration of the role of bacteria in causing disease

Answer 24

Robert Koch

Question 25

Experimented with numerous synthetic dyes and reported that _______, a red dye used for staining leather, was active against pathogenic, Streptococci and Staphylococci in mice even though it had no effect against that same infectious agent in a test tube.

Answer 25

Gerhard Domagk
Prontosil

Question 26

He suggested that mild heating at 62.8°C (145°F) for 30 minutes rather than boiling was enough to destroy the undesirable organisms without ruining the taste of the product, the process was called

Answer 26

Pasteur
Pasteurization

Question 27

Finally resolved the controversy of spontaneous generation versus biogenesis and proved that microorganisms are not spontaneously generated from inanimate matter but arise from other microorganisms.

Answer 27

Louis Pasteur

Question 28

The idea that invisible microorganisms are the cause of disease is called

Answer 28

Germ theory of disease

Question 29

Discovered bacterial sulfide oxidation for which he first became renowned, including the first known form of _______.

Answer 29

Winogradsky
Lithotrophy