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God Flashcards

1
Q

What do theists believe about God?

A

God exists and has qualities like omnipotence, omnibenevolence, omnipresence, is the creator, transcendent, and eternal.

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2
Q

Define omnipotence.

A

God is all-powerful, shown in the creation of the universe.

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3
Q

Define omnibenevolence.

A

God is all-loving, shown by creating a planet suitable for life.

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4
Q

What does it mean that God is omnipresent?

A

God is everywhere at the same time.

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5
Q

What does it mean that God is the creator?

A

God creates ‘ex-nihilo’ (from nothing).

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6
Q

What does it mean that God is transcendent?

A

God is beyond normal human experience and can be outside and within the universe.

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7
Q

What does it mean that God is eternal?

A

God has always existed.

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8
Q

What is the cosmological argument?

A

Argument that everything needs a cause, the universe exists, so it needs a cause, and that cause is God.

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9
Q

What did Aquinas say about

A

He stated everything has a cause, there can’t be infinite regress, and the first cause is God.

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10
Q

What is Aquinas’ domino analogy?

A

Illustrates that there must be a first mover (God) to start the ‘domino rally’ of the universe.

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11
Q

What are Aquinas’ three proofs?

A
  • Unmoved mover * Uncaused causer * Non-contingent being
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12
Q

What is the Big Bang theory?

A

Non-religious view that the universe originated from a singularity 13.8 billion years ago.

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13
Q

What evidence supports the Big Bang theory?

A
  • Hubble’s telescope * Doppler effect (red shift) * Cosmic background radiation (CBR) * Expansion of the universe
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14
Q

What is red shift?

A

Light moving away from an object has longer wavelengths, appearing redder.

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15
Q

What is cosmic background radiation (CBR)?

A

Leftover particles from the Big Bang.

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16
Q

What is the teleological argument?

A

Argument from design; the universe’s purpose and complexity imply a designer (God).

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17
Q

What is Paley’s teleological argument?

A

Compares the universe to a watch; a watch has a designer, so the universe must have one too (God).

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18
Q

Define evolution.

A

Darwin’s non-religious theory that life adapted over time through natural selection, not design.

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19
Q

What are Darwin’s finches known for?

A

Different beak shapes evolved to eat different foods on the Galapagos Islands.

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20
Q

What is natural selection?

A

‘Survival of the fittest’; those best adapted to their environment survive.

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21
Q

What is Dawkins’ view on design?

A

Uses the example of the flatfish to argue against a designer, stating ‘The only watchmaker is the blind force of physics.’

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22
Q

Nature of God - Theists

A

Theists believe God exists and has specific qualities that are revealed to followers.

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23
Q

Omnipotence - Creation

A

God’s omnipotence is shown in the creation of the universe in 6 days.

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24
Q

Omnibenevolence - Love

A

God’s love is shown in creating a planet suitable for life to thrive.

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25
Omnipresence - Location
God is everywhere, both at the beginning and within the universe.
26
Creator - 'Ex-nihilo'
God creates from nothing ('ex-nihilo').
27
Transcendent - Experience
God is beyond normal human or physical experience.
28
Eternal - Existence
God has always existed, explaining the cause of everything today.
29
Aquinas - Plato's Influence
Aquinas adapted Plato's Cosmological Argument.
30
Cosmological Argument - Cause
Everything that exists has a cause.
31
Universe - Cause
The universe exists, therefore it has a cause.
32
Infinite Regress - Problem
Infinite regress is impossible because we wouldn't reach the present.
33
First Cause - Characteristics
The first cause is powerful and knowledgeable.
34
Aquinas - God as First Cause
God is the first cause because it aligns with God's omnipotence.
35
Domino Rally - Purpose
The domino rally analogy illustrates the need for a first mover (God).
36
Aquinas' Proofs - Number
Aquinas provides 3 proofs.
37
Aquinas' Proofs - List
Unmoved mover, uncaused causer, and a non-contingent being.
38
Big Bang Theory - Originator
Georges Lemaitre, a Catholic priest, proposed the Big Bang Theory.
39
Big Bang Theory - Agreement
Scientists agree the universe had a starting point.
40
Big Bang Theory - Age
The universe is 13.8 billion years old (Hubble's telescope).
41
Doppler Effect - Movement
Everything in the universe is moving apart.
42
Red Shift - Wavelength
Light moving away has longer wavelengths.
43
Red Light - Distance
Red light indicates waves are further apart with distance.
44
CBR - Remnant
Cosmic background radiation is leftover particles from the singularity.
45
Expansion Rate
The universe's expansion has a known rate (Lambda Cosmic Dark Matter).
46
Teleological Argument - Etymology
'Teleological' comes from the Greek word 'telos,' meaning 'purpose.'
47
Teleological Argument - Focus
This argument uses the universe's purpose and detail to prove God.
48
Paley's Argument - Type
Paley's argument is analogical.
49
Paley's Analogy - Object
Paley compares the universe to a watch.
50
Watch - Characteristics
A watch is complex, purposeful, and designed.
51
Complex and Purposeful - Implication
Things with complexity and purpose require a designer.
52
Designer - Attributes
The designer is intelligent, powerful, and creative.
53
Paley - God as Designer
God is the best explanation for the universe's design.
54
God's Attributes (Paley)
God is creative, omniscient, eternal, and omnipotent.
55
Evolution - Counter-Argument
Evolution is a non-religious response to Paley.
56
Darwin's Theory - Explanation
Things appear designed due to adaptation over time.
57
Darwin's Voyage
Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands on the HMS Beagle.
58
Galapagos Finches - Diversity
Finches had diverse beak forms and functions.
59
Finches - Adaptation
Beaks adapted to eat specific foods on different islands.
60
'Survival of the Fittest' - Alternative Term
Natural selection.
61
Dawkin's Example
Dawkin's flatfish.
62
Flatfish - Evolution
Flatfish evolved to have both eyes on top of their head.
63
Dawkin's Conclusion
There's a flawed watchmaker or designer.
64
'Blind Force of Physics'
'The only watchmaker is the blind force of physics.' - Dawkins.
65
Infinite Regress
The idea that causes can go on forever into the past; Aquinas rejects this, arguing there must be a first cause.
66
First Cause Qualities
Aquinas argues the first cause must be powerful and knowledgeable.
67
How does Aquinas link God?
Aquinas links God to the first cause because it fits the nature of God (omnipotent).
68
Teleological Argument - 'Telos'
The word 'telos' is Greek for 'purpose'.
69
Analogical Argument
Paley's argument is analogical, comparing the universe to a watch.
70
Watch Comparison
Paley's comparison states a watch is complex, purposeful and designed.
71
Designer Qualities
The designer of the universe must be intelligent, powerful, and creative.
72
Darwin's Observation
Darwin observed finches on the Galapagos Islands with different beaks adapted to different food sources.
73
Variation
The finches' variation allowed them to eat nuts, fruits, and insects.
74
'Survival of the Fittest'
Darwin's theory suggests those best adapted will survive (natural selection).
75
Dawkin's Flatfish
Dawkins uses the flatfish example to argue against a designer, pointing to 'flawed designs'.
76
KU - Mark per Sentence
1 mark = 1 detailed sentence.
77
KU - Relevance
Knowledge must be correct and relevant to the question.
78
KU - Cosmological & Teleological
You must know at least 7 KU marks on Cosmological & Teleological arguments.
79
EV - Using 'I'
Make sure to use 'I' in your 8-mark evaluation.
80
EV - Opinions
You need an opinion on both religious arguments and non-religious counter-arguments.
81
EV - Changing Opinion
You can change your opinion in an evaluation (e.g., 'I agree... However, I disagree...').

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