Goal 1.1 History Flashcards
The Digital Computer is a machine that carries out __________(_______)
instructions (program)
Three things, Primitive instructions in machine language can do:
- Add numbers
- Check if a numer is zero
- copy data between memory locations
Contemporary Multi-Level Machine:
Level 5 (____-____ Language Level (C++)
TRANSLATION (COMPILER)
Level 4 (Assembly Language Level)
TRANSLATION (ASSEMBLER)
Level 3 (______ System Machine Level)
PARTIAL INTERPRETATION BY OS
Level 2 (Instruction Set Level)
INTERPRETATION OR DIRECT EXECUTION
Level 1 (_______ Level)
HARDWARE
Level 0 (Digital Logic Level)
Level -1 (_____ Level)
Problem-oriented
Operating
Microarchitecture
Device
Level 5
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
Level 0
Level -1
Problem-oriented Language level (C++)
Assembly Language Level
Operating System Machine Level
Instruction Set Level
Microarchitecture Level
Digital Logic Level
Device Level
Level 5
{ Translation (Compiler)}
Level 4
Problem-oriented language level (C++)
{}
Assembly Language Level
Level 4
{ translation (assembler)}
Level 3
Assembly Language Level
{}
Operating System Machine Level
Level 3
{ Partial Interpretation by OS}
Level 2
Operating System Machine Level
{}
Instruction Set Level
Level 2
{Interpretation or direct execution}
Level 1
Instruction Set Level
{}
Microarchitecture Level
Level 1
{ Hardware}
Level 0
Level -1
Microarchitecture Level
{}
Digital Logical Level
Device Level
Level where programmers usually work in high-level languages
Level 5
A go-between level. Just a step above machine code.
Programmer’s don’t tend to go below this level!
Level 4
Some instructions interpreted by OS, otherwise by microprogram
Level 3
Unique to every computer x86 instruction set. Developed by Intel, licensed to AMD (and Cyrix when it was still around)
Level 2
ALU, Datapath, and registers. Partially controlled by software/hardware
Level 1
Level of logic gates. This is where we will spend most of our time
Level 0
This is the level of transistors, and is in the realm of electrical engineers
Level -1
First attempt to build a digital computer. Thousands upon thousands of cogs and wheels. Never got it completely debugged.
Babbage
Based off of Babbage’s work
Mark 1
5 parts of a von Neumann Machine
Memory
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Control Unit
Input
Output
