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Reproductive Physiology > GnRH Pulse Generator + Female Anatomy Review > Flashcards

GnRH Pulse Generator + Female Anatomy Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sex determining region of the Y chromosome?

A

SRY gene

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2
Q

SRY gene turns on SOX-9 through the testis-determining factor which stimulates _________ formation.

A

sertoli cell

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3
Q

Sertoli cells convert _______ –> _______.

A

testosterone –> estradiol (E2)

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4
Q

What do sertoli cells produce?

A

anti-mullerian hormone (AMH)

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5
Q

What is the function of the anti-mullerian hormone?

A

inhibits development of paramesonephric (mullerian) duct system so female does not develop

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6
Q

(T/F) Females lack an SRY gene.

A

True

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7
Q

Fetal testes “defeminize” the brain through ________.

A

testosterone

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8
Q

What is different about female brain development that is not present in males?

A

GnRH surge center develops in hypothalamus

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9
Q

In the male, ______ defeminizes the hypothalamus so no GnRH surge center develops.

A

estradiol

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10
Q

(T/F) Testosterone cannot cross the blood-brain barrier while estradiol can.

A

False - opposite

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11
Q

What is it called when twin placentae of male and female fuse?

A

freemartin calf

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12
Q

What is the clinical significance of a Freemartin calf?

A

AMH can cross over into female and cause issues with the repro tract (ex. genetically female with abnormal male behavior)

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13
Q

What is different about the horse ovary?

A

medulla on outside
only ovulate in ovulation fossa

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14
Q

______ are responsible for “defeminizing” the brain through testosterone.

A

fetal testes

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15
Q

The yolk sac and fetal liver produces ________ which can bind to estrogen but not testosterone. (part of process of fetal brain development)

A

alpha fetoprotein

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16
Q

When is testosterone converted to estrogen in the male?

A

when in developing brain

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17
Q

(T/F) Males have a tonic release of reproductive hormones rather than a surge.

A

True

18
Q

What are the 3 parts of the uterine tube?

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

19
Q

3 layers of the uterus from superficial to deep.

A
  1. perimetrium
  2. myometrium
  3. endometrium
20
Q

_______ are developed in the endometrium of ruminants.

A

caruncles

21
Q

Where are prostaglandins produced in the uterus?

A

endometrium

22
Q

Which two species has circular folds or rings of the cervix? Which has only rings?

A

ruminant
pig

23
Q

Term for discrete areas on endometrium where placenta will attach.

A

caruncle

24
Q

Caruncles are (concave/convex) in the cow and (concave/convex) in the ewe.

A

convex
concave

25
Q

Which species has no folds of the cervix? Clinical significance?

A

mare
easy to AI

26
Q

Which species is the cervical canal almost vertical?

A

bitch

27
Q

________ dominance thickens mucosa of the vagina.

A

estrogen

28
Q

(T/F) The ruminant does not have a fornix in the cranial vagina.

A

False - sow

29
Q

In the mare, what site is cultured for Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)?

A

clitoris

30
Q

The penis of the ruminant and boar is considered ________ while the horse’s is _________.

A

fibroelastic
musculocavernosus

31
Q

Shape of boar glans penis

A

corkscrew

32
Q

Small ruminants have a prominent _______ of the glans penis.

A

urethral process

33
Q

List the species with ampullae (accessory sex glands).

A

bull
stallion

34
Q

List which species have vesicular glands.

A

bull
stallion
boar

35
Q

(T/F) All domestic mammals have a prostate.

A

True

36
Q

What is the only domestic mammal which does not have bulbourethral glands?

A

dog

37
Q

What two things produce seminal plasma?

A

epididymis
accessory sex glands

38
Q

Which species have coagulative properties or “gel” of their seminal plasma?

A

boar
stallion

39
Q

Seminal plasma uses _______ as an energy source.

A

fructose

40
Q

_______ are within seminal plasma which react with cervical mucous and increase smooth muscle contraction.

A

prostaglandins

41
Q

Temperature regulation is important in the testes as they need a (lower/higher) temperature than the rest of the body.

A

lower

Reproductive Physiology (5 decks)

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