GMS midterm Flashcards
Product Decision
The selection, definition, and design of products.
Product-by-value analysis
in descending order of their
individual dollar contribution to the firm,
GENERATING NEW
PRODUCTS
selection, definition, and design.
Changes
in product opportunities, the products themselves, product volume, and product
mix may arise due to understanding the customer, economic change, sociological
and demographic change, technological change, political/legal change, market
practice, professional standards, suppliers, or distributors.
Quality function deployment (QFD)
determining customer
requirements and translating them into attributes
j House of quality
utilizes
a planning matrix to relate customer wants to how the firm is going to meet
those wants.
Product development teams
moving from market
requirements for a product to achieving product success.
j Concurrent engineering
Simultaneous performance of the various stages of
product development.
Manufacturability and value engineering
improve a
product’s design, production, maintainability, and use.
Robust design
can be produced to requirements even with
unfavorable conditions
Modular design
components of a product are
subdivided into modules that are easily interchanged or replaced.
Computer-aided design (CAD)
Interaction with computers
Design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA)
(DFMA)—Software that allows designers
to look at the effect of design on manufacturing of a product.
Standard for the exchange of product data (STEP)
a
format allowing the electronic transmission of three-dimensional data.
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
use of information technology to
control machinery.
Additive manufacturing (also called 3D printing)
builds products by adding material layer upon layer.
Augmented reality
The integration of digital information with the user’s envi-ronment
Value analysis
review of successful products that takes place during the
production process.
Internal development strategies
(1) new internally developed products,
(2) enhancements to existing products, and (3) migrations of existing products.
Engineering drawing
drawing that shows the dimensions, tolerances,
materials, and finishes of a component.
*Defines a product
Bill of materials
the materials
quantity of each required to make one unit of a product.
Group technology
product and component coding system that specifies the
size, shape, and type of processing; it allows similar products to be grouped.
Assembly drawing
exploded view of a product.
Assembly chart
identifying how components flow into
subassemblies and final products.
Route sheet
list of the operations necessary to produce a component with the
material specified in the bill of material.
Configuration management
a product’s planned and
changing components are accurately identified.
To enhance service efficiency
(1) limit options, (2) delay customization,
(3) modularize, (4) automate, and (5) design for the “moment of truth.”
To form a decision tree,
(1) include all possible alternatives and states of nature;
(2) enter payoffs at the end of the appropriate branch;
(3) determine the expected value of each course of action by starting at the end
of the tree and working toward the beginning, calculating values at each step and
“pruning” inferior alternatives.
*uses probabilities, payoffs, logic, options
Transition to production
move a product from
development to production;
Product development system
Functional Specifications
j Process strategy
organization’s approach to transforming resources into
goods and services => meets
customer requirements and product specifications within cost and other managerial
constraints.
four
process strategies.
- Process focus: processes to facilitate low- volume,
high-variety production.
*making low-volume, high-variety products, also known as job shops/intermittent process.
*high variable costs with extremely low utilization
(5% to 25%) of facilities. - Repetitive process: process that uses modules.
*is the classic assembly line. It allows the firm to use modules, allow combination the economic advantages of the product-focused model with the customization advantages of the process-focus model. - Product focus: a product-oriented, high-
volume, low-variety process.
*requires high fixed cost;
however, low variable costs reward high facility utilization.
-Mass customization:low-cost production that caters to constantly changing unique customer desires.
Postponement
delay of any modifications or customization as long as posible
Crossover chart
chart of costs at the possible volumes
Selection of equipment
cost, quality,
capacity, and flexibility.
Five tools of process analysis
(1) flowcharts, (2) time-function mapping,
(3) process charts, (4) value-stream mapping, and (5) service blueprinting.
Process charts
that use symbols to analyze the movement of people or
material.
*focus on value-added activities and to compute
the percentage of value-added time (5 operation time/total time).
Value-stream mapping
how to add value in the flow of material and information
Service blueprinting
a focus on the customer and the provider’s interaction
Services can be classified into one of four quadrants,
- Service factory 2. Service shop 3. Mass service 4. Professional service
Techniques for improving service productivity
- Separation: customers must go where the service is offered
- Self-service: customer evaluating theirself
- Postponement
- Focus—Restricting the offerings
- Modules
- Automation:
- Scheduling—Precise personnel scheduling
- Training—Clarifying the service options; explaining how to avoid problems
Computer numerical control
Machinery with its own computer and
memory.
Additive manufacturing
adding layer upon
layer, often referred to as
3D printing.
Automatic identification system
transforming data into
electronic form
Radio frequency identification
integrated
circuits with antennas send radio waves.
Process control
use of information technology to control
Vision systems
use video cameras and computer technology in
inspection roles.
Automated storage and retrieval systems
automatic placement of parts into and from
designated places within a warehouse.
Automated guided vehicle
Electronically guided and controlled cart used
to move materials.
Flexible manufacturing system
Automated work cell controlled by
electronic signals from a common centralized computer facility.
Computer-integrated manufacturing
CAD, FMS, inventory control, warehousing, and shipping are integrated.
Process redesign
rethinking of business processes to bring
about dramatic improvements in performance.
