GMAT 10 Flashcards
1
Q
con·stel·la·tion
noun
\ˌkän(t)-stə-ˈlā-shən\
A
- N-COUNT 星座 A constellation is a group of stars which form a pattern and have a name.
…a planet orbiting a star in the constellation of Cepheus.
围绕仙王座中一颗恒星旋转的行星 - N-COUNT 一群，一组(相似的事物) A constellation of similar things is a group of them.
Most patients have a constellation of diseases, with few clear-cut distinctions between them…
大多数患者的病症都很相似，鲜有明显的区别。
The largest gallery contains at its centre a constellation of photographs called My Wishes.
最大的画廊在中心位置展出了一组名为《我的心愿》的摄影作品。
— con·stel·la·to·ry \kən-ˈste-lə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective
2
Q
con·straint
noun
\kən-ˈstrānt\
A
- N-COUNT 限制;束缚;约束 A constraint is something that limits or controls what you can do.
Their decision to abandon the trip was made because of financial constraints…
他们决定放弃这次出游是因为财力有限。
Water shortages in the area will be the main constraint on development.
水资源匮乏将是制约该地区发展的一个主要因素。 - N-UNCOUNT 克制 Constraint is control over the way you behave which prevents you from doing what you want to do.
3
Q
con·ta·gious
adj
-jəs\
A
- ADJ-GRADED （病）接触传染的 (Compare 比较 infectious.) A disease that is contagious can be caught by touching people or things that are infected with it.
…a highly contagious disease of the lungs.
极具传染性的肺病 - ADJ-GRADED (感情、态度等)感染性的，会迅速蔓延开的 A feeling or attitude that is contagious spreads quickly among a group of people.
Laughing is contagious…
笑是有感染力的。
Antonio has a contagious enthusiasm for the beautiful aspect of food.
安东尼奥对食品赏心悦目这一方面的热情非常有感染性。
— con·ta·gious·ly adverb
— con·ta·gious·ness noun
4
Q
con·tam·i·nant
noun
\kən-ˈta-mə-nənt\
A
- N-COUNT 污染物 A contaminant is something that contaminates a substance such as water or food.
Contaminants found in poultry will also be found in their eggs…
家禽身上发现的污染物，在禽蛋里也会有。
We are exposed to an overwhelming number of chemical contaminants every day in our air, water and food.
我们每天都会通过空气、水和食品接触到数量惊人的化学污染物。
5
Q
con·tem·plate
verb
\ˈkän-təm-ˌplāt\
A
- VERB 考虑;思量;思忖 If you contemplate an action, you think about whether to do it or not.
For a time he contemplated a career as an army medical doctor…
有段时间，他考虑去当军医。
She contemplates leaving for the sake of the kids.
她考虑为了孩子而离开。 - VERB 深思熟虑;沉思;苦思冥想 If you contemplate an idea or subject, you think about it carefully for a long time.
As he lay in his hospital bed that night, he cried as he contemplated his future…
那天晚上，他躺在医院的病床上，想到未来，他哭了起来。
That makes it difficult to contemplate the idea that the present policy may not be sustainable.
那让人难以认真思考这个可能，即目前的政策也许并不能持续下去。
contemplation: It is a place of quiet contemplation.这是个静心冥想的好地方。 - VERB 凝视;注视 If you contemplate something or someone, you look at them for a long time.
He contemplated his hands, still frowning.
他盯着自己的双手，眉头紧锁。
contemplation: He was lost in the contemplation of the landscape for a while.有一会儿，他怔怔地注视着周围的景物。
— con·tem·pla·tor -ˌplā-tər\ noun
6
Q
con·tem·po·rary
adj
\kən-ˈtem-pə-ˌrer-ē\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 当代的;现代的 Contemporary things are modern and relate to the present time.
She writes a lot of contemporary music for people like Whitney Houston…
她给像惠特尼·休斯敦这样的人写了很多当代音乐作品。
Perhaps he should have a more updated look, a more contemporary style…
也许他应该有一个更新的形象，更具时代性的风格。 - ADJ 同时发生的;同时期的;同时代的 Contemporary people or things were alive or happened at the same time as something else you are talking about.
…drawing upon official records and the reports of contemporary witnesses.
利用官方的记录与当时的见证者的报告 - N-COUNT 同时期的人;同时代的人 Someone’s contemporary is a person who is or was alive at the same time as them.
Like most of my contemporaries, I grew up in a vastly different world.
和大多数同辈人一样，我生长在一个截然不同的世界。
…a glossary of musical terms found in Shakespeare and his contemporaries.
莎士比亚及其同时代人音乐术语汇编
— con·tem·po·rar·i·ly -ˌtem-pə-ˈrer-ə-lē\ adverb
7
Q
con·temp·tu·ous
adj
\kən-ˈtem(p)-chə-wəs\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 蔑视的;藐视的;鄙视的 If you are contemptuous of someone or something, you do not like or respect them at all.
He was contemptuous of private farmers…
他看不起私营农场主。
He’s openly contemptuous of all the major political parties…
他公然蔑视各大党派。
contemptuously: ‘A deal!’ she said contemptuously, ‘I hate all deals.’“交易！”她鄙夷地说，“我厌恶一切交易。”
— con·temp·tu·ous·ly adverb
— con·temp·tu·ous·ness noun
8
Q
con·ten·tious
adj
\kən-ˈten(t)-shəs\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 有争议的;引起争论的 A contentious issue causes a lot of disagreement or arguments.
Sanctions are expected to be among the most contentious issues.
制裁可能会是争议最大的问题之一。
…a country where land prices are politically contentious.
因土地价格引发政治争议的国家
contentiously: This time he was contentiously omitted from the team.这一次他有争议地落选了球队。 - ADJ-GRADED 爱争论的;动辄争吵的 A contentious person seems to like arguing and disagreeing with other people.
Rodney was a cheerful, elegant and gregarious if rather contentious man.
罗德尼尽管非常喜欢与人争辩，却是个阳光、优雅、合群的人。
— con·ten·tious·ly adverb
— con·ten·tious·ness noun
9
Q
con·text
noun
\ˈkän-ˌtekst\
A
- N-VAR (想法、事件等的)背景，环境 The context of an idea or event is the general situation that relates to it, and which helps it to be understood.
We are doing this work in the context of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.
我们是在对经济、社会、文化诸领域进行改革的背景下从事这项工作的。
…the historical context in which Chaucer wrote…
乔叟写作的历史背景 - N-VAR 上下文;语境 The context of a word, sentence, or text consists of the words, sentences, or text before and after it which help to make its meaning clear.
Without a context, I would have assumed it was written by a man.
如果没有上下文，我会以为这是出自一名男子笔下。 - PHRASE 在上下文中;置于背景之下 If something is seen in context or if it is put into context, it is considered together with all the factors that relate to it.
Taxation is not popular in principle, merely acceptable in context…
征税基本上是不受欢迎的，在一定情境中才勉强为人接受。
It is important that we put Jesus into the context of history.
我们将耶稣置于历史环境中来看是很重要的。 - PHRASE 脱离上下文;断章取义地 If a statement or remark is quoted out of context, the circumstances in which it was said are not correctly reported, so that it seems to mean something different from the meaning that was intended.
Thomas says that he has been taken out of context on the issue…
托马斯说，在这个问题上他的话被断章取义了。
Quotes can be manipulated and used out of context.
引语可能会被篡改，使用时断章取义。
— con·text·less -ˌtekst-ləs\ adjective
— con·tex·tu·al \kän-ˈteks-chə-wəl\ adjective
— con·tex·tu·al·ly adverb
10
Q
con·tig·u·ous
adj
\kən-ˈti-gyə-wəs\
A
- ADJ 相接的;相邻的 Things that are contiguous are next to each other or touch each other.
Its vineyards are virtually contiguous with those of Ausone.
其葡萄园差不多紧挨着欧颂堡的葡萄园。
…two years of travel throughout the 48 contiguous states.
两年游遍美国本土的48州
— con·tig·u·ous·ly adverb
— con·tig·u·ous·ness noun
11
Q
con·tin·gen·cy
noun
\kən-ˈtin-jən(t)-sē\
A
- N-VAR 可能发生的事;不测之事;突发事件 A contingency is something that might happen in the future.
I need to examine all possible contingencies.
我需要审视一切可能出现的情况。 - ADJ (计划或措施)未雨绸缪的，应急的 A contingency plan or measure is one that is intended to be used if a possible situation actually occurs.
We have contingency plans.
我们有应急方案。
12
Q
con·tin·gent
adj
\kən-ˈtin-jənt\
A
- N-COUNT (警察、军队或军用车辆的)分遣队，小分队 A contingent of police, soldiers, or military vehicles is a group of them.
Nigeria provided a large contingent of troops to the West African Peacekeeping Force…
尼日利亚向西非维和部队派遣了一大批军队。
There were contingents from the navies of virtually all EU countries.
几乎欧盟各国都派出了海军分队。 - N-COUNT 代表团;代表队;代表群体 A contingent is a group of people representing a country or organization at a meeting or other event.
The strong British contingent suffered mixed fortunes…
实力雄厚的英国军团喜忧参半。
The whistles from the large contingent of England fans away to our left are deafening.
我们左边一大群英格兰球迷发出震耳欲聋的口哨声。 - ADJ 取决于…的;由…决定的 If something is contingent on something else, the first thing depends on the second in order to happen or exist.
In effect, growth is contingent on improved incomes for the mass of the low-income population.
事实上，发展有赖于大量低收入人群收入的增长。
— con·tin·gent·ly adverb
13
Q
con·tral·to
noun
\kən-ˈtral-(ˌ)tō\
A
- N-COUNT 女低音;女低音歌手 A contralto is a woman with a low singing voice.
The score calls for a contralto…
这次的配乐需要一位女低音歌手。
I had a very low contralto voice.
我有一副很低的女低音嗓音。
14
Q
con·trol
verb
\kən-ˈtrōl\
A
- N-UNCOUNT (对机构、地方、体系等的)控制权，支配权 Control of an organization, place, or system is the power to make all the important decisions about the way that it is run.
The restructuring involves Mr Ronson giving up control of the company…
这次改组涉及龙森先生放弃对公司的控制权。
The first aim of his government would be to establish control over the republic’s territory.
他这届政府的首要目标是确立对共和国领土的控制权。
If you are in control of something, you have the power to make all the important decisions about the way it is run.对…有控制权;掌管;管理
If something is under your control, you have the power to make all the important decisions about the way that it is run.受…控制;在…控制之下 - N-UNCOUNT 控制(能力);支配(能力) If you have control of something or someone, you are able to make them do what you want them to do.
He lost control of his car…
他的汽车失控了。
Some teachers have more control over pupils than their parents have.
有的老师比小学生的父母更能管得住他们。 - N-UNCOUNT 克制;控制力 If you show control, you prevent yourself behaving in an angry or emotional way.
He had a terrible temper, and sometimes he would completely lose control…
他的脾气很坏，有时会完全失控。
He was working hard to keep control of himself.
他正努力克制自己。 - VERB 控制;掌管;管理;统治 The people who control an organization or place have the power to take all the important decisions about the way that it is run.
He now controls the largest retail development empire in southern California…
他现在掌管着加州南部最大的零售发展企业。
Almost all of the countries in Latin America were controlled by dictators…
当时几乎所有的拉丁美洲国家都由独裁者统治。
-controlled: AGA Gas is Swedish-controlled.AGA天然气公司是一家瑞典的燃气公司。…the state-controlled media.政府控制的媒体 - VERB 控制，操纵(设备、过程、系统等) To control a piece of equipment, process, or system means to make it work in the way that you want it to work.
…a computerised system to control the gates…
控制大门的计算机系统
Scientists would soon be able to manipulate human genes to control the ageing process.
科学家们很快将能通过操控人类基因来控制衰老过程。
-controlled: …computer-controlled traffic lights.由计算机控制的交通信号灯 - VERB 管制，限定，控制(价格、工资、活动等) When a government controls prices, wages, or the activity of a particular group, it uses its power to restrict them.
The federal government tried to control rising health-care costs.
联邦政府试图控制日益高涨的医疗保健费用。
…measures to control illegal mining.
控制非法采矿的措施
Control is also a noun. - VERB 控制;自制;克制 If you control yourself, or if you control your feelings, voice, or expression, you make yourself behave calmly even though you are feeling angry, excited, or upset.
Jo was advised to learn to control herself…
乔得到的建议是要学会控制自己的情绪。
I just couldn’t control my temper.
我就是不能克制自己的脾气。
controlled: Her manner was quiet and very controlled.她举止文静，而且非常冷静。 - VERB 控制，抑制(危险) To control something dangerous means to prevent it from becoming worse or from spreading.
…the need to control environmental pollution…
控制环境污染的需要
One of the biggest tasks will be to control the spread of malaria.
最大的任务之一就是控制疟疾的蔓延。 - N-COUNT 控制按钮;控制装置;操纵装置 A control is a device such as a switch or lever which you use in order to operate a machine or other piece of equipment.
I practised operating the controls.
我练习操作这些控制装置。
…the control box.
控制盒
If someone is at the controls of a machine or other piece of equipment, they are operating it.在操纵;在驾驶 - N-VAR 控制措施;管制措施 Controls are the methods that a government uses to restrict increases, for example in prices, wages, or weapons.
Critics question whether price controls would do any good…
评论家们质疑物价管制措施是否会有用。
Their talks are expected to focus on arms control…
他们的会谈预计会集中讨论军备控制问题。 - N-VAR 检查站 Control is used to refer to a place where your documents or luggage are officially checked when you enter a foreign country.
He went straight through Passport Control without incident.
他很顺利地通过了护照检查处。
…an agreement to abolish border controls.
关于取消边界检查站的一项协议 - See also: air traffic control
Usage Note :
You do not use control as a verb to talk about inspecting documents. The verb you use is check. Police were searching cars and checking identity documents. However, at an airport or port, the place where passports are checked is called passport control
表示检查证件时，动词不能用 control，而用 check: Police were searching cars and checking identity documents (警察在搜查车辆并检查身份证件)。但是，在机场或港口，检查护照的地方叫做 passport control。 - PHRASE 失去控制;不受控制 If something is out of control, no-one has any power over it.
The fire is burning out of control…
熊熊燃烧的大火正在失去控制。
I’m dealing with customers all the time who have let their debts get out of control.
我成天和那些负债累累、无力偿还的顾客们打交道。 - PHRASE 被控制住;得到控制 If something harmful is under control, it is being dealt with successfully and is unlikely to cause any more harm.
The situation is under control…
局势已经得到控制。
If the current violence is to be brought under control, the government needs to act.
政府必须采取行动，才能使目前的暴力行为得到控制。
— con·trol·la·bil·i·ty -ˌtrō-lə-ˈbi-lə-tē\ noun
— con·trol·la·ble -ˈtrō-lə-bəl\ adjective
— con·trol·ment -ˈtrōl-mənt\ noun
15
Q
con·va·lesce
verb
\ˌkän-və-ˈles\
A
- N-UNCOUNT 康复期;复原期;恢复期 Convalescence is the period or process of becoming healthy and well again after an illness or operation.
— con·va·les·cence -ˈle-sən(t)s\ noun
— con·va·les·cent -sənt\ adjective or noun
16
Q
con·ver·sion
noun
\kən-ˈvər-zhən\
A
- N-VAR 变换;转换;转变;改变 Conversion is the act or process of changing something into a different state or form.
…the conversion of disused rail lines into cycle routes…
将废弃的铁路线改成自行车道
A loft conversion can add considerably to the value of a house.
将阁楼改造一下就可以使房子的价值大增。 - N-VAR (宗教、信仰等的)改变，皈依，归附 If someone changes their religion or beliefs, you can refer to their conversion to their new religion or beliefs.
…his conversion to Christianity…
他皈依基督教
It’s hard to trust the President’s conversion.
总统信仰的改变让人难以相信。 - N-COUNT (橄榄球运动中的)附加得分 In rugby, if a player makes or kicks a conversion, he scores points by kicking the ball over the goal after a try has been scored.
— con·ver·sion·al -shə-nəl\ adjective
17
Q
con·vert
verb
\kən-ˈvərt\
A
- V-ERG (使)改变;更改;(使)转变 If one thing is converted or converts into another, it is changed into a different form.
The verb is pronounced /kən’vɜːt/. The noun is pronounced /’kɒnvɜːt/. 动词读作 /kən’vɜːt/，名词读作 /’kɒnvɜːt/。
The signal will be converted into digital code.
信号会被转变为数字代码。
…naturally occurring substances which the body can convert into vitamins.
自然产生的能被身体转化成维生素的物质 - VERB 改造，改建(房屋等) If someone converts a room or building, they alter it in order to use it for a different purpose.
By converting the loft, they were able to have two extra bedrooms.
把阁楼改造一下，他们就可以多出两间卧室。
…the entrepreneur who wants to convert County Hall into an hotel…
想把市政厅改建成旅馆的企业家 - VERB 改造，改装(车辆或设备) If you convert a vehicle or piece of equipment, you change it so that it can use a different fuel.
Save money by converting your car to unleaded…
将车改装一下，使用无铅汽油，这样可以省钱。
The programme to convert every gas burner in Britain took 10 years.
完成对英国所有煤气灶的改造花了10年时间。 - VERB 换算;折算 If you convert a quantity from one system of measurement to another, you calculate what the quantity is in the second system.
Converting metric measurements to U.S. equivalents is easy.
将公制计量换算成美制计量非常简单。 - V-ERG (使)改变宗教（或政治）信仰;(使)皈依;(使)归附 If someone converts you, they persuade you to change your religious or political beliefs. You can also say that someone converts to a different religion.
If you try to convert him, you could find he just walks away…
如果你试图改变他的信仰，他就会走开。
He was a major influence in converting Godwin to political radicalism…
戈德温变成政治激进主义者主要是受他的影响。 - N-COUNT 皈依者;归附者;改变信仰者 A convert is someone who has changed their religious or political beliefs.
She, too, was a convert to Roman Catholicism.
她也皈依了天主教。
…a Muslim convert now known as Yusuf Islam.
现以优素福·伊斯兰这个名字为大家熟知的伊斯兰教皈依者 - VERB 使…迷上;使…热衷于 If someone converts you to something, they make you very enthusiastic about it.
He quickly converted me to the joys of cross-country skiing.
他很快就使我迷上了越野滑雪。 - N-COUNT 刚迷上…的人;最近开始热衷于…的人 If you describe someone as a convert to something, you mean that they have recently become very enthusiastic about it.
…recent converts to vegetarianism.
最近开始热衷于素食主义的人
18
Q
con·vic·tion
noun
\kən-ˈvik-shən\
A
- N-COUNT 坚定的信念(或主张) A conviction is a strong belief or opinion.
It is our firm conviction that a step forward has been taken…
我们坚信已经向前迈进了一步。
Their religious convictions prevented them from taking up arms.
由于宗教信仰的原因，他们不会拿起武器进行反抗。 - N-UNCOUNT 坚信;深信;确信 If you have conviction, you have great confidence in your beliefs or opinions.
‘We shall, sir,’ said Thorne, with conviction.
“我们会的，先生，”索恩坚定地说。 - PHRASE 令人信服;有说服力 If something carries conviction, it is likely to be true or likely to be believed.
Nor did his denial carry conviction.
他的否认也没有说服力。 - N-COUNT 定罪;判罪 If someone has a conviction, they have been found guilty of a crime in a court of law.
He will appeal against his conviction…
他会对判决提起上诉。
The man was known to the police because of previous convictions.
因为有犯罪前科，警察们都认识这个人。
19
Q
con·vo·lut·ed
adj
\ˈkän-və-ˌlü-təd\
A
- ADJ-GRADED 费解的;复杂难懂的 If you describe a sentence, idea, or system as convoluted, you mean that it is complicated and difficult to understand.
Despite its length and convoluted plot, ‘Asta’s Book’ is a rich and rewarding read…
虽然篇幅很长，而且情节复杂，但是《阿斯塔的书》仍不失为一部内容丰富、值得一读的作品。
The policy is so convoluted even college presidents are confused.
这项政策太令人费解，甚至连大学校长们也是一头雾水。
20
Q
co·or·di·nate
adj
\kō-ˈȯrd-nət; -ˈȯr-də-nət\
A
vt. 使协调，使调和； 整合； 使（身体各部份）动作协调； （衣服、布料等）搭配
vi. 协调； 协同； 成为同等； 被归入同一类别
adj. 同等的； [语法学]并列的； 同等级的； 带有同等性质的
n. <数>坐标； （颜色协调的）配套服装； [复数]（颜色、织料、式样等配合协调的）女套服； 同等重要的人（或物）
