GMAT 04

Question 1

di·ver·gent

adj

-jənt\

Answer 1

1. ADJ-GRADED 有分歧的;不同的;相异的 Divergent things are different from each other.
   …two people who have divergent views on this question…
   在这个问题上意见相左的两个人
   Similar customs were known in widely divergent cultures such as Ancient Egypt and Scandinavia.
   在大不相同的文化中有一些相似的习俗，比如古埃及和斯堪的纳维亚之间。

— di·ver·gent·ly adverb

Question 2

di·verse

adj

\dī-ˈvərs\

Answer 2

1. ADJ-GRADED 形形色色的;各式各样的 If a group or range of things is diverse, it is made up of a wide variety of things.
   …shops selling a diverse range of gifts…
   出售各种礼品的商店
   Society is now much more diverse than ever before.
   当今社会较之以往任何时候都要丰富多彩得多。
2. ADJ-GRADED 不同的;迥异的 Diverse people or things are very different from each other.
   Jones has a much more diverse and perhaps younger audience.
   琼斯的观众群更为多样化而且可能更年轻。

— di·verse·ly adverb
— di·verse·ness noun

Question 3

di·ver·si·fy

verb

\də-ˈvər-sə-ˌfī\

Answer 3

1. VERB 增加…的品种;从事多种经营;（使）多样化 When an organization or person diversifies into other things, or diversifies their range of something, they increase the variety of things that they do or make.
   The company’s troubles started only when it diversified into new products…
   当公司增加新产品时，麻烦才开始的。
   Manufacturers have been encouraged to diversify…
   制造商们被鼓励要做到产品多样化。
   diversification: The seminar was to discuss diversification of agriculture… 研讨会将讨论农业的多元化问题。 These strange diversifications could have damaged or even sunk the entire company. 这些陌生的新增业务可能会破坏甚至是葬送整个公司。

— di·ver·si·fi·ca·tion -ˌvər-sə-fə-ˈkā-shən\ noun
— di·ver·si·fi·er -ˈvər-sə-ˌfī(-ə)r\ noun

Question 4

di·vest

verb

\dī-ˈvest\

Answer 4

1. VERB 使摆脱;使丢弃;使放弃 If you divest yourself of something that you own or are responsible for, you get rid of it or stop being responsible for it.
   The company divested itself of its oil interests.
   公司放弃了自己的石油股份。
2. VERB 使失去;剥夺 If something or someone is divested of a particular quality, they lose that quality or it is taken away from them.
   …in the 1960s, when sexual love had been divested of sin…
   在20世纪60年代，性爱不再被看作是罪恶时
   They have divested rituals of their original meaning…
   他们使仪式失去了原来的意义。
3. VERB 使脱去;使放下 If you divest someone of something that they are wearing or carrying, you take it off them or away from them.
   …the formalities of divesting her of her coat.
   为她脱去外衣的礼节
   …detectors installed at the entrances to make youngsters divest themselves of guns and knives.
   安装在入口处让年轻人放下身上带的枪和刀的探测器

— di·vest·ment -ˈves(t)-mənt\ noun

Question 5

divided evenly

Answer 5

被整除

Question 6

div·i·dend

noun

\ˈdi-və-ˌdend\

Answer 6

1. N-COUNT 红利;股息;股利 A dividend is the part of a company’s profits which is paid to people who have shares in the company.
   The first quarter dividend has been increased by nearly 4 per cent.
   第一季度的股息增长了近 4%。
2. PHRASE 有回报;产生效益 If something pays dividends, it brings advantages at a later date.
   Steps taken now to maximise your health will pay dividends later on.
   现在采取措施增强体质会使你日后受益。
3. See also: peace dividend
4. N-COUNT 和平红利，和平效益（指冷战结束后由于原先花在国防和武器上的开支得以用于其他目的所带来的经济利益） The peace dividend is the economic benefit that was expected in the world after the end of the Cold War, as a result of money previously spent on defence and arms becoming available for other purposes.
   The peace dividend has not materialised despite military spending going down in most countries.
   虽然大多数国家的军事支出在降低，但和平红利并没有兑现。

— div·i·dend·less -ləs\ adjective

n.被除数

Question 7

di·vine

adj

\də-ˈvīn\

Answer 7

1. ADJ 天赐的;神的;神圣的 You use divine to describe something that is provided by or relates to a god or goddess.
   He suggested that the civil war had been a divine punishment.
   他暗示说内战是上天的惩罚。
   …divine inspiration.
   天赐的灵感
   divinely: The law was divinely ordained. 律法神定。
2. N-COUNT 专门研究神学的牧师 A divine is a priest who specializes in the study of God and religion.
3. ADJ-GRADED 绝妙的;非凡的;极棒的 People use divine to express their pleasure or enjoyment of something.
   ‘Isn’t it divine?’ she said. ‘I wish I had the right sort of brooch to lend you for it.’…
   “它是不是美极了？”她说道，“真希望我有合适的胸针可以借给你来搭配它。”
   Darling how lovely to see you, you look simply divine.
   亲爱的，见到你太让人高兴了，你看上去简直美极了。
   divinely: …divinely glamorous singer Jeffrey McDonald. 浑身魅力四射的歌唱家杰弗里·麦克唐纳
4. VERB 猜测;揣度 If you divine something, you discover or learn it by guessing.
   …the child’s ability to divine the needs of its parents and respond to them…
   孩子猜测父母的需要并作出回应的能力
   From this he divined that she did not like him much.
   他依此猜到她不太喜欢他。
5. VERB (用探测棒)探测（地下水或矿藏） If you divine, you try to find underground supplies of water or minerals, using a special rod or pair of rods.
   The only reason I was divining for water was because of the drought.
   我之所以探寻水源是因为发生了旱灾。
   …a divining rod.
   探测杆

— di·vine·ly adverb

Question 8

di·vis·i·ble

adj

\də-ˈvi-zə-bəl\

Answer 8

1. ADJ 可除尽的 If one number is divisible by another number, the second number can be divided into the first exactly, with nothing left over.
   Twenty-eight is divisible by seven.
   28 可以被 7 除尽。

— di·vis·i·bil·i·ty \də-ˌvi-zə-ˈbi-lə-tē\ noun

9 is divisible by 3

<easily divisible into enough pieces for everyone>

Question 9

di·vi·sion

noun

\də-ˈvi-zhən\

Answer 9

1. N-UNCOUNT 分开;划分;分隔 The division of a large unit into two or more distinct parts is the act of separating it into these parts.
   …the unification of Germany, after its division into two states at the end of World War Two.
   二战结束时曾被一分为二的德国实现了统一
2. N-UNCOUNT 分配;分派 The division of something among people or things is its separation into parts which are distributed among the people or things.
   The current division of labor between workers and management will alter.
   当前工人与管理部门的分工将会改变。
3. N-UNCOUNT (算术中的)除法 Division is the arithmetical process of dividing one number into another number.
   I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six.
   女儿6岁时我就教她如何做除法了。
4. N-VAR 分歧;争议;差异 A division is a significant distinction or argument between two groups, which causes the two groups to be considered as very different and separate.
   The division between the prosperous west and the impoverished east remains.
   繁荣的西部和贫穷的东部之间的差距仍然存在。
5. N-COUNT (大机构的)部门 In a large organization, a division is a group of departments whose work is done in the same place or is connected with similar tasks.
   …the bank’s Latin American division.
   该银行的拉丁美洲分部
   …the sales division.
   销售部
6. N-COUNT (军队编制中的)师 A division is a group of military units which fight as a single unit.
   Several armoured divisions are being moved from Germany.
   正从德国调动几个装甲师。
7. N-COUNT (英国议会中的)分组表决 In the British Parliament, a division is a vote where the Members of Parliament go into separate rooms in order to record their vote.
8. N-COUNT (足球等体育运动中联赛的)级 In some sports, such as football, baseball, and basketball, a division is one of the groups of teams which make up a league. The teams in each division are considered to be approximately the same standard, and they all play against each other during the season.
   Villa had just been relegated from the First Division.
   维拉队刚刚从甲级联赛中降级。
   …the Scottish Premier Division leaders, Dundee United.
   苏格兰超级联赛的领头羊，邓迪联队

— di·vi·sion·al -ˈvi-zhə-nəl\ adjective

Question 10

di·vi·sor

noun

\də-ˈvī-zər\

Answer 10

n.<数>除数

Question 11

di·vulge

verb

\də-ˈvəlj\

Answer 11

1. VERB 泄露(秘密);透露(信息) If you divulge a piece of secret or private information, you tell it to someone.
   Officials refuse to divulge details of the negotiations…
   官员们拒绝透露谈判的细节。
   He was charged with divulging state secrets…
   他被控泄露国家机密。

— di·vul·gence -ˈvəl-jən(t)s\ noun

Question 12

doc·ile

adj

\ˈdä-səl\

Answer 12

1. ADJ-GRADED 温顺的;驯良的;易控制的 A person or animal that is docile is quiet, not aggressive, and easily controlled.
   …docile, obedient children…
   温顺、听话的孩子
   They wanted a low-cost, docile workforce.
   他们想要廉价的、听话的劳动力。
   docility: Her docility had surprised him. 她的温顺让他吃惊。

— doc·ile·ly \ˈdä-sə(l)-lē\ adverb
— do·cil·i·ty \dä-ˈsi-lə-tē\ noun

Question 13

doc·trine

noun

\ˈdäk-trən\

Answer 13

1. N-VAR 信条;主义;学说;（尤指）宗教教义 A doctrine is a set of principles or beliefs, especially religious ones.
   …the doctrine of reincarnation.
   轮回转世说
   I disagree with the doctrine that the writer’s life and intention have no bearing on his texts.
   我不同意作者的生活和意图与他的文本没有联系的学说。
2. N-COUNT (尤指政府外交政策的)正式声明 A doctrine is a statement of official government policy, especially foreign policy.
   Following World War II, the first U.S. commitment to Europe came in the form of the 1947 Truman Doctrine.
   二战后，美国对欧洲作出的第一个承诺便是在 1947 年提出杜鲁门主义。

Question 14

dog·ma

noun

\ˈdȯg-mə\

Answer 14

1. N-VAR 教条;信条;教义 If you refer to a belief or a system of beliefs as a dogma, you disapprove of it because people are expected to accept that it is true, without questioning it.
   Their political dogma has blinded them to the real needs of the country…
   他们的政治信条让他们看不到国家真正的需要。
   He stands for freeing the country from the grip of dogma.
   他主张将国家从教条的控制下解放出来。

These new findings challenge the current dogma in the field.

<the Catholic dogma of the bodily assumption of the Virgin Mary>

Question 15

dog·wood

noun

\ˈdȯg-ˌwu̇d\

Answer 15

1. N-VAR 梾木 A dogwood is a tree or bush that has groups of small white flowers surrounded by four large leaves.

The furniture is made of dogwood.

Question 16

do·nor

noun

\ˈdō-nər\

Answer 16

1. N-COUNT 献血者;器官捐献者 A donor is someone who gives a part of their body or some of their blood to be used by doctors to help a person who is ill.
   Doctors removed the healthy kidney from the donor.
   医生从捐献者体内取出健康的肾脏。
2. ADJ (器官等）捐献的 Donor organs or parts are organs or parts of the body which people allow doctors to use to help people who are ill.
3. N-COUNT 捐赠者;捐赠机构 A donor is a person or organization who gives something, especially money, to a charity, organization, or country that needs it.
   Donor countries are becoming more choosy about which countries they are prepared to help.
   捐赠国在愿意帮助哪些国家的问题上越来越挑剔了。

The money was raised from individual donors.

She is one of the charity’s major donors.

Question 17

doom

noun

\ˈdüm\

Answer 17

1. N-UNCOUNT 厄运;劫数;毁灭 Doom is a terrible future state or event which you cannot prevent.
   …his warnings of impending doom.
   他关于大难临头的警告
   …a wicked mermaid who lured sailors to their doom.
   引诱水手走向灭亡的邪恶的美人鱼
2. N-UNCOUNT 悲观;沮丧 If you have a sense or feeling of doom, you feel that things are going very badly and are likely to get even worse.
   Why are people so full of gloom and doom?…
   为什么人们如此沮丧悲观？
   Attendance figures had been steadily dropping, creating a mood of doom and discouragement among theatre directors.
   上座人数一直持续下降，使得戏剧导演产生悲观泄气的情绪。
3. VERB 注定;命定;使在劫难逃 If a fact or event dooms someone or something to a particular fate, it makes certain that they are going to suffer in some way.
   That argument doomed their marriage to failure.
   那次争吵使他们的婚姻注定要失败。

Question 18

do·pa·mine

noun

\ˈdō-pə-ˌmēn\

Answer 18

n.<生化>多巴胺

Question 19

dope

noun

\ˈdōp\

Answer 19

1. N-UNCOUNT 麻醉剂;毒品 Dope is a drug, usually an illegal drug such as marijuana or cocaine.
   A man asked them if they wanted to buy some dope…
   一名男子问他们想不想买些毒品。
   He has failed a dope test for cocaine…
   他未能通过可卡因药检。
2. VERB 给…服麻醉剂（或毒品）；在…中掺麻醉剂（或毒品） If someone dopes a person or animal or dopes their food, they put drugs into their food or force them to take drugs.
   Anyone could have got in and doped the wine…
   任何人都可能会进来在酒中掺麻醉剂。
   I’d been doped with Somnolin…
   我被人下了安眠药。
3. N-COUNT 笨蛋;呆子;蠢货 If someone calls a person a dope, they think that the person is stupid.
   I’m more comfortable with them. I don’t feel I’m such a dope.
   我和他们在一起更自在，也觉得自己没那么傻。
4. N-UNCOUNT 情报;密报 Dope is information which you have been given illegally or secretly.
   The government had plenty of dope on him.
   政府掌握大量关于他的内部消息。

They were caught smoking dope.

What a dope he is.

Question 20

dose

noun

\ˈdōs\

Answer 20

1. N-COUNT (药物等的)一剂，一服 A dose of medicine or a drug is a measured amount of it which is intended to be taken at one time.
   One dose of penicillin can wipe out the infection.
   一剂青霉素就能消除感染。
2. N-COUNT (尤指数量很多的)一份，一次，一点 You can refer to an amount of something as a dose of that thing, especially when you want to emphasize that there is a great deal of it.
   She was born with a healthy dose of self-confidence…
   她天生就充满自信。
   The West is getting a heavy dose of snow and rain today.
   西部今天将迎来一场大的雨夹雪。
3. VERB 给…服药 If you dose a person or animal with medicine, you give them an amount of it.
   The doctor fixed the rib, dosed him heavily with drugs, and said he would probably get better…
   医生接好了肋骨，给他服用了大剂量的药，并说他可能会有所好转。
   I dosed myself with quinine.
   我服用了奎宁。

I’ve been taking the same dose for five years.
a large dose of vitamin C
The drug is lethal even in small doses.
a large dose of sugar
a high dose of radiation
Her parents hoped a daily dose of hard work would keep her out of trouble.
He needs a good dose of reality.

Question 21

dote on

Answer 21

溺爱，宠爱

Question 22

doubt·less

adv

\ˈdau̇t-ləs\

Answer 22

1. ADV 很可能地;几乎肯定地 If you say that something is doubtless the case, you mean that you think it is probably or almost certainly the case.
   He will doubtless try and persuade his colleagues to change their minds…
   他很可能会试图说服同事们改变主意。
   Doubtless he was justified in some of his criticism of the media…
   他对媒体的一些批评性言论无疑是合乎情理的。

<she is doubtless the one and only girl for me>

<doubtless you have heard this story before, but I’ll tell it anyway>

Question 23

down·zon·ing

noun

\ˈdau̇n-ˌzōn-in\

Answer 23

n.降低密度区划

Question 24

drab

noun

\ˈdrab\

Answer 24

1. ADJ-GRADED 单调乏味的;缺乏生气的 If you describe something as drab, you think that it is dull and boring to look at or experience.
   Mary was wearing the same drab grey dress.
   玛丽穿着同一件毫无朝气的灰色裙子。
   …his drab little office…
   他死气沉沉的小办公室
   drabness: …the dusty drabness of nearby villages. 附近灰尘弥漫、毫无生气的村庄
2. See also: dribs and drabs
3. PHRASE 三三两两;零星 If people or things arrive in dribs and drabs, they arrive in small numbers over a period of time rather than arriving all together.
   Clients came in dribs and drabs.
   顾客三三两两地来了。

Question 25

drain

verb

\ˈdrān\

Answer 25

1. V-ERG 排出;(使)流出 If you drain a liquid from a place or object, you remove the liquid by causing it to flow somewhere else. If a liquid drains somewhere, it flows there.
   Miners built the tunnel to drain water out of the mines…
   矿工们开凿了一条地道，以排出矿井里的水。
   Now the focus is on draining the water…
   现在的重点是把水排走。
2. V-ERG (使)流干;(使)排干 If you drain a place or object, you dry it by causing water to flow out of it. If a place or object drains, water flows out of it until it is dry.
   Vast numbers of people have been mobilised to drain flooded land…
   大量的人力被动员去排干受涝的土地。
   The soil drains freely and slugs aren’t a problem.
   土壤排水畅通，鼻涕虫就不会造成什么麻烦。
3. V-ERG （使）（水分）滤去，滤干 If you drain food or if food drains, you remove the liquid that it has been in, especially after it has been cooked or soaked in water.
   Drain the pasta well, arrange on four plates and pour over the sauce…
   将意大利面中的水分滤干，放在4个盘子里再淋上调味汁。
   Wash the leeks thoroughly and allow them to drain.
   彻底清洗韭葱，再沥去水分。
4. N-COUNT 下水道;排水管;阴沟 A drain is a pipe that carries water or sewage away from a place, or an opening in a surface that leads to the pipe.
   Tony built his own house and laid his own drains.
   托尼自己盖了房子并铺设了下水管道。
   …storm drains.
   排洪管
5. VERB 喝干;喝光 If someone drains a glass, they empty it by drinking what is in it.
   Pamela drained her glass and refilled it.
   帕梅拉喝完后又续了一杯。
6. V-ERG （使）(脸上血色)消失，消退 If the colour or the blood drains or is drained from someone’s face, they become very pale. You can also say that someone’s face drains or is drained of colour.
   Harry felt the colour drain from his face…
   哈里觉得他脸上的血色在消失。
   Thacker’s face drained of colour…
   撒克面无人色。
7. V-ERG （情感）消失，消散 If a feeling drains or is drained out of you, it gradually becomes less strong until you no longer feel it.
   And then, suddenly, the euphoria began to drain away…
   随后，狂喜的感觉突然开始消失了。
   She felt the tension drain out of her…
   她感到紧张情绪在消失。
8. VERB 使精疲力竭;使心力交瘁 If something drains you, it leaves you feeling physically and emotionally exhausted.
   My emotional turmoil had drained me.
   纷乱的情绪让我心力交瘁。
   drained: United left the pitch looking stunned and drained. 曼联队离开球场时看上去备受打击，身心俱疲。
9. V-ERG (使)(精力)耗尽 If energy drains or is drained from you, you lose all energy and become very tired.
   As his energy drained away, his despair and worry grew…
   当他的精力耗尽时，他的绝望和担心也增加了。
   I can help resolve conflicts that drain energy.
   我可以帮助解决消耗精力的冲突。
   drained: He could rest only when he was too drained of energy to fret further. 只有当他精疲力竭无力再操心时他才能得以休息。
10. N-SING See also: brain drain (金钱或资源的)大量消耗，耗竭，耗费 If you say that something is a drain on an organization’s finances or resources, you mean that it costs the organization a large amount of money, and you do not consider that it is worth it.
    …an ultra-modern printing plant, which has been a big drain on resources…
    资源消耗很大的超现代印刷厂
    Fraud trials are often complex and have become an expensive drain on the public purse.
    诈骗案通常错综复杂，会给公共资金造成巨大损失。
11. VERB 用尽;耗尽;用完 If you say that a country’s or a company’s resources or finances are drained, you mean that they are used or spent completely.
    The state’s finances have been drained by war…
    国家财力已经被战争消耗殆尽。
    The company has steadily drained its cash reserves.
    公司已逐渐用完了其现金储备。
12. PHRASE 被毁掉;被浪费掉 If you say that something is going down the drain, you mean that it is being destroyed or wasted.
    They were aware that their public image was rapidly going down the drain…
    他们意识到他们的公众形象正迅速被毁掉。
    He lamented that four years of his life had gone down the drain because of an injury to his groin.
    他痛惜他四年的生活就因大腿根部的伤被毁掉了。
13. PHRASE 破产;倒闭 If you say that a business is going down the drain, you mean that it is failing financially.
    Small local stores are going down the drain.
    当地的小店都倒闭了。

相关词组：drain off

1. PHRASAL VERB 把（某地的水）排干;使流出;使流向别处 If you drain off a liquid from a place or object, you remove the liquid by causing it to flow somewhere. If a liquid drains off somewhere, it flows there.
   Drain off any remaining water…
   把剩下的水排干。
   The ridged design of the pan allows excess fat to drain off.
   平底锅的凸纹设计使多余的油能够控出。

— drain·er noun

Question 26

dras·tic adj \ˈdras-tik\

Answer 26

1. ADJ-GRADED （行为）严厉的，极端的 If you have to take drastic action in order to solve a problem, you have to do something extreme and basic to solve it.
   Drastic measures are needed to clean up the profession…
   行业清理整顿需要严厉的措施。
   He’s not going to do anything drastic about economic policy.
   他不打算对经济政策作任何重大调整。
2. ADJ-GRADED （变化）激烈的，巨大的 A drastic change is a very great change.
   Elderly people are not in a position to make drastic changes at this stage of their life…
   上了年纪的人在他们这个人生阶段不会再有什么实质性的改变。
   …a drastic reduction in the numbers of people dying.
   死亡人数的大幅下降
   drastically: As a result, services have been drastically reduced. 结果是服务业急剧萎缩。

— dras·ti·cal·ly -ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

Answer 27

1. PHRASAL VERB (白昼)渐短；(天黑)渐早 If you say that the nights, evenings, or days are drawing in, you mean that it is becoming dark at an earlier time in the evening, because autumn or winter is approaching.
   The days draw in and the mornings get darker.
   天黑得越来越早,天亮得越来越晚。
2. PHRASAL VERB 使参与;使卷入 If you draw someone in or draw them into something you are involved with, you cause them to become involved with it.
   It won’t be easy for you to draw him in…
   你要让他参与进来可不容易。
   You gradually fall under the spell and get drawn in deeper and deeper…
   你会渐渐着魔，越陷越深。
3. PHRASAL VERB 深呼吸;吸入（空气） If you draw in your breath, you breathe in deeply. If you draw in air, you take it into your lungs as you breathe in.
   Rose drew her breath in sharply…
   罗丝猛地吸了口气。
   Roll the wine around in your mouth, drawing in air at the same time.
   让酒在嘴里滚一下，同时吸气。

Question 28

draw on

Answer 28

1. PHRASAL VERB 凭借;利用;动用 If you draw on or draw upon something such as your skill or experience, you make use of it in order to do something.
   He drew on his experience as a yachtsman to make a documentary programme.
   他凭借曾经做过快艇驾驶员的经验制作了一档纪实节目。
2. PHRASAL VERB (时光)渐渐过去 As a period of time draws on, it passes and the end of it gets closer.
   As the afternoon drew on we were joined by more of the regulars.
   随着午后时光的渐渐消逝,又有些老主顾加入到我们当中来了。

Question 29

driz·zle

noun

\ˈdri-zəl\

Answer 29

1. N-UNCOUNT 毛毛雨;蒙蒙细雨 Drizzle is light rain falling in fine drops.
   The drizzle had now stopped and the sun was breaking through.
   毛毛雨现在已经停了,太阳正破云而出。
2. VERB 下毛毛雨;下蒙蒙细雨 If it is drizzling, it is raining very lightly.
   Clouds had come down and it was starting to drizzle…
   云层压低,开始飘起了毛毛雨。
   I walked home in the drizzling rain.
   我冒着毛毛雨走回了家。
3. VERB (在食物上)滴，淋，洒 If you drizzle a liquid over food or drizzle food with a liquid, you pour a small quantity of the liquid all over the food.
   Drizzle the remaining dressing over the duck and salad…
   将剩下的调料淋在鸭肉和色拉上。
   Drizzle them with warmed extra virgin olive oil.
   将加热过的特级初榨橄榄油淋在上面。

— driz·zly \ˈdriz-(ə-)lē\ adjective

Question 30

drop·out

noun

\ˈdräp-ˌau̇t\

Answer 30

n.①辍学者，退学者； <贬>拒绝传统社会的人

The program is designed for dropouts who wish to get high school equivalency certificates.

Question 31

du·bi·ous

adj

\ˈdü-bē-əs\

Answer 31

1. ADJ-GRADED 可疑的;靠不住的;暧昧的 If you describe something as dubious, you mean that you do not consider it to be completely honest, safe, or reliable.
   This claim seems to us to be rather dubious…
   在我们看来这种说法非常可疑。
   Soho was still a highly dubious area…
   索霍区仍然是个靠不住的地方。
   dubiously: Carter was dubiously convicted of shooting three white men in a bar. 卡特被判定在酒吧枪杀3名白人男子，这一罪名似有不妥。
2. ADJ-GRADED 怀疑的;无把握的;迟疑的;拿不准的 If you are dubious about something, you are not completely sure about it and have not yet made up your mind about it.
   My parents were dubious about it at first but we soon convinced them.
   我父母起初对此心存疑虑,但是我们很快就让他们信服了。
   dubiously: He eyed Coyne dubiously. 他用怀疑的目光打量着科因。
3. ADJ-GRADED （荣誉、名声等）不好的,不光彩的 If you say that someone has the dubious honour or the dubious pleasure of doing something, you are indicating that what they are doing is not an honour or pleasure at all, but is, in fact, unpleasant or bad.
   Nagy has the dubious honour of being the first athlete to be banned in this way…
   纳吉作为第一个以这种方式被禁赛的运动员而“出名”。
   El Salvador has earned the dubious distinction of having the worst soil erosion in continental America.
   萨尔瓦多因是美洲大陆土壤侵蚀最严重的地方而有了这份不光彩的名声。

— du·bi·ous·ly adverb
— du·bi·ous·ness noun

Question 32

dubious

Answer 32

Usage Note :
Do not confuse dubious, doubtful, and suspicious. If you are dubious about something, you are not sure whether it is the right thing to do. Alison sounded very dubious… The men in charge were a bit dubious about taking women on. If you describe something as dubious, you think it is not completely honest, safe, or reliable. …his dubious abilities as a teacher. If you feel doubtful about something, you are unsure about it or about whether it will happen or be successful. Do you feel insecure and doubtful about your ability?… It was doubtful he would ever see her again. If you are suspicious of a person, you do not trust them and think they might be involved in something dishonest or illegal. I am suspicious of his intentions… Miss Lenaut had grown suspicious. If you describe something as suspicious, it suggests behaviour that is dishonest, illegal, or dangerous. He listened for any suspicious sounds. …in suspicious circumstances.不要混淆
dubious, doubtful 和 suspicious。dubious 指某人拿不准做某事是否正确：Alison sounded very dubious（艾莉森听上去很犹豫），The men in charge were a bit dubious about taking women on（几位男性负责人有点儿拿不准要不要招女性员工）。dubious 还可指某事物不完全可信、安全或可靠。例如，his dubious abilities as a teacher（他的教学能力令人怀疑）。doubtful 指不确定某事是否会发生或成功：Do you feel insecure and doubtful about your ability（你对自己的能力缺乏信心并且感到怀疑吗），It was doubtful he would ever see her again（他会不会再见到她还说不准呢）。suspicious 指不信任某人、怀疑某人从事欺骗性或不法的活动。例如，I am suspicious of his intentions（我怀疑他的动机），Miss Lenaut had grown suspicious（莱诺小姐已经起了疑心）。suspicious 还可指某人行为可疑、不诚实、涉及非法或具有危险性：He listened for any suspicious sounds（他注意听任何可疑的声响），in suspicious circumstances（在可疑的情势下）。

Question 33

duc·tile

adj

\ˈdək-t^əl\

Answer 33

adj.可延展的； 有韧性的； 顺从的； 易受影响的

— duc·til·i·ty \ˌdək-ˈti-lə-tē\ noun

Question 34

dum·my

noun

\ˈdə-mē\

Answer 34

1. N-COUNT 人体模型,假人(常用于陈列服装) A dummy is a model of a person, often used to display clothes.
   …the bottom half of a shop-window dummy.
   商店橱窗里假人模特的下半身
   …the ventriloquist’s dummy.
   表演口技用的傀儡
2. N-COUNT 仿制品;仿造样品 You can use dummy to refer to things that are not real, but have been made to look or behave as if they are real.
   Dummy patrol cars will be set up beside motorways to frighten speeding motorists…
   高速公路旁将安装仿真巡逻车以威慑那些超速驾车者。
   They asked her to put together a dummy for a new magazine…
   他们让她为一本新杂志攒一份小样。
3. N-COUNT (婴儿用的)橡皮奶嘴,橡皮奶头 A baby’s dummy is a rubber or plastic object that you give the baby to suck so that he or she feels comforted.
   in AM, usually use 美国英语通常用 pacifier
4. N-COUNT 笨蛋;蠢货 If you call someone a dummy, you mean that you think they are stupid.
   ‘You’re a dummy, Mack,’ she yelled.
   “你是个蠢货,麦克。”她叫嚷着。
5. N-COUNT (桥牌中的)明手牌 A dummy or dummy hand is a hand of cards in a card game such as bridge or whist which is placed on the table so all the players can see it.

Question 35

dump

verb

\ˈdəmp\

Answer 35

1. VERB 倾倒;倾卸 If you dump something somewhere, you put it or unload it there quickly and carelessly.
   We dumped our bags at the nearby Grand Hotel and hurried towards the market…
   我们把包扔在附近的格兰德酒店后就匆匆赶往集市。
   He got my haversack from the cab and dumped it at my feet.
   他把我的背包从出租车上取来丢到我脚下。
2. VERB 丢弃;抛弃;扔掉 If something is dumped somewhere, it is put or left there because it is no longer wanted or needed.
   The getaway car was dumped near a motorway tunnel…
   逃亡用的车被丢弃在高速公路隧道附近。
   A million tonnes of untreated sewage is dumped into the sea…
   一百万吨未经处理的污水被倾倒进了海里。
   dumping: German law forbids the dumping of hazardous waste on German soil. 德国法律禁止在德国本土倾倒有害废料。
3. N-COUNT 垃圾场;垃圾堆 A dump is a place where rubbish is left, for example on open ground outside a town.
   …companies that bring their rubbish straight to the dump…
   将其废弃物直接运送至垃圾场的公司
   The walled garden was used as a dump.
   带围墙的花园被用作了垃圾场。
4. N-COUNT 肮脏的地方;乱七八糟的地方 If you say that a place is a dump, you think it is ugly and unpleasant to live in or visit.
   ‘What a dump!’ Christabel said, standing in the doorway of the youth hostel.
   “真够脏乱的！”克丽丝特布尔站在青年旅社的门口说道。
5. N-COUNT (军队中粮食、武器等的)临时堆积处,临时仓库 A dump is a place where an army stores food and weapons temporarily while it is stationed in a particular place.
6. VERB 不再支持,摒弃(政策、想法等) To dump something such as an idea, policy, or practice means to stop supporting or using it.
   Ministers believed it was vital to dump the poll tax before the election.
   大臣们认为在大选前停止征收人头税至关重要。
7. VERB (通常指为占领海外市场)倾销,抛售 If a firm or company dumps goods, it sells large quantities of them at prices far below their real value, usually in another country, in order to gain a bigger market share or to keep prices high in the home market.
   It produces more than it needs, then dumps its surplus onto the world market.
   当产量超过需求时,过剩的产品便倾销到世界市场。
8. VERB 与…断绝关系;与…结束关系 If you dump someone, you end your relationship with them.
   I thought he was going to dump me for another girl…
   我以为他要为了另一个女孩而和我分手。
   She was dumped by her long-term lover after five years…
   5 年后她被相恋多年的恋人抛弃了。
9. VERB (将孩子)扔给…照看 If you say that a parent dumps a child with someone, you are criticizing the parent for leaving the child to be looked after by that person.
   I was sometimes dumped with my grandmother or left with highly unsuitable au pairs…
   有时我被扔给奶奶照看，或者被交给毫无经验的临时保姆。
   He can’t cope and dumps his two teenage boys on them to be looked after.
   他应付不过来，只能将他那两个十来岁的儿子交给他们代为照看。
10. VERB 转储,转存(计算机数据) To dump computer data or memory means to copy it from one storage system onto another, such as from disk to magnetic tape.
    It can take a couple of hours to dump a thousand telephone numbers into a 128k EPROM pack…
    将 1,000 个电话号码转存到一个128k的EPROM芯片要花好几个小时。
    All the data is then dumped into the main computer.
    所有数据随后被转存至主计算机。
11. N-COUNT 转存信息库;转储数据库 A dump is a list of the data that is stored in a computer’s memory at a particular time. Dumps are often used by computer programmers to find out what is causing a problem with a program.
    …a screen dump. 屏幕转储
12. VERB 非难;亏待 If someone dumps on you, they treat you very badly and unfairly.
    He was a nice guy, Mona. He didn’t dump on me.
    莫娜,他是个不错的家伙,没有亏待我。
13. PHRASE 郁闷的;沮丧的;闷闷不乐的 If you are down in the dumps, you are feeling very depressed and miserable.
    She’s feeling a bit down in the dumps and needs cheering up. 她情绪有点低落，需要振奋起来。

Question 36

du·pli·cate

adj

\ˈdü-pli-kət\

Answer 36

1. VERB 重复;复制 If you duplicate something that has already been done, you repeat or copy it.
   The verb is pronounced /’djuːplɪkeɪt, am ‘duː-/. The noun and adjective are pronounced /’djuːplɪkət, am ‘duː-/. 动词读作 /’djuːplɪkeɪt, 美 ‘duː-/,名词和形容词读作 /’djuːplɪkət, 美 ‘duː-/。
   His task will be to duplicate his success overseas here at home…
   他在海外取得了成功，现在的任务就是要在国内再创辉煌。
   Scientists hope the work done in collaboration with other researchers may be duplicated elsewhere.
   科学家们希望与其他研究人员合作的成果可以适用于别处。
2. VERB 复制;复印;复写 To duplicate something which has been written, drawn, or recorded onto tape means to make exact copies of it.
   She found Ned alone in the photocopy room, duplicating some articles.
   她发现内德一个人在复印室里复印一些文章。
   …a business which duplicates video and cinema tapes for the movie makers.
   为电影制片商复制录像带和影带的行业
3. ADJ 完全一样的;复制的;副本的 Duplicate is used to describe things that have been made as an exact copy of other things, usually in order to serve the same purpose.
   He let himself in with a duplicate key.
   他用一把复制的钥匙打开门进去。
   …a duplicate copy of the loan contract.
   贷款合同的副本
4. See also: duplication
5. N-UNCOUNT (不必要的)重复 If you say that there has been duplication of something, you mean that someone has done a task unnecessarily because it has already been done before.
   …unnecessary duplication of resources.
   不必要的资源重复

Question 37

du·ra·ble

adj

\ˈdyu̇r-ə-bəl\

Answer 37

n.耐久性

— du·ra·bil·i·ty \ˌdu̇r-ə-ˈbi-lə-tē\ noun
— du·ra·ble·ness \ˈdu̇r-ə-bəl-nəs\ noun
— du·ra·bly -blē\ adverb

Question 38

dwell·ing

noun

\ˈdwel-in\

Answer 38

1. N-COUNT 住宅;住所;居所 A dwelling or a dwelling place is a place where someone lives.
   Some 3,500 new dwellings are planned for the area…
   该地区计划筹建约 3,500 所新居。
   We hiked the Grand Canyon, exploring Indian cliff dwellings.
   我们去大峡谷徒步旅行,探究印第安人的崖居。

<the simple dwellings in which the Pilgrims spent the first winter at Plymouth>

Question 39

dwin·dle

verb

\ˈdwin-d^əl\

Answer 39

1. VERB (数量上)减少,缩小 If something dwindles, it becomes smaller, weaker, or less in number.
   The factory’s workforce has dwindled from over 4,000 to a few hundred…
   工厂雇员总数已经从 4,000 多人减少到几百人。
   Exports are dwindling and the trade deficit is swelling…
   出口在缩减，贸易赤字在增长。

Our energy dwindled as the meeting dragged on.
The town’s population is dwindling away.

Question 40

dy·nam·ics

noun pl but singular or pl in constr

\dī-ˈna-miks\

Answer 40

n.动力学、力学； (音乐中的)力度变化； 力度强弱法； 动态； 动力( dynamic的名词复数 )； 力学； 力度； 活力

Question 41

dys·func·tion

noun

(ˌ)dis-ˈfəŋ(k)-shən\

Answer 41

1. N-COUNT (关系、行为等的)不正常,异常 If you refer to a dysfunction in something such as a relationship or someone’s behaviour, you mean that it is different from what is considered to be normal.
   …his severe emotional dysfunction was very clearly apparent.
   显而易见他情绪严重异常。
2. N-VAR 机能障碍 If someone has a physical dysfunction, part of their body is not working properly.
   …kidney and liver dysfunction.
   肝肾功能失调

— dys·func·tion·al -shə-nəl\ adjective

Question 42

dys·ki·ne·sia

noun

\ˌdis-kə-ˈnē-zh(ē-)ə\

Answer 42

n.<医>运动障碍

— dys·ki·net·ic -ˈnet-ik\ adjective

Question 43

ech·e·lon

noun

\ˈe-shə-ˌlän\

Answer 43

1. N-COUNT 等级;阶层 An echelon in an organization or society is a level or rank in it.
   …the lower echelons of society.
   社会等级较低的阶层
2. N-COUNT （士兵、车辆、军舰、飞机等的）梯形编队,梯队 An echelon is a military formation in which soldiers, vehicles, ships, or aircraft follow each other but are spaced out sideways so that they can see ahead.

Question 44

ecological systems

\ˌē-kə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\

Answer 44

生态系统

Question 45

ecol·o·gy

noun

\i-ˈkä-lə-jē\

Answer 45

1. N-UNCOUNT 生态学 Ecology is the study of the relationships between plants, animals, people, and their environment, and the balances between these relationships.
   …a senior lecturer in ecology.
   生态学高级讲师
2. N-VAR 生态（环境）；生态系统 When you talk about the ecology of a place, you are referring to the pattern and balance of relationships between plants, animals, people, and the environment in that place.
   …the ecology of the rocky Negev desert in Israel.
   以色列多岩石的内盖夫沙漠生态系统
   …the extinction of the marshes’ unique ecology…
   湿地独特生态的消亡

— eco·log·i·cal \ˌē-kə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ also eco·log·ic adjective
— eco·log·i·cal·ly -ji-k(ə-)lē\ adverb
— ecol·o·gist \i-ˈkä-lə-jist\ noun

Question 46

eco·nom·ic

adj

\ˌe-kə-ˈnä-mik\

Answer 46

1. ADJ 经济的;经济上的 Economic means concerned with the organization of the money, industry, and trade of a country, region, or society.
   …Poland’s radical economic reforms…
   波兰彻底的经济改革
   The pace of economic growth is picking up.
   经济增长的步伐正在加快。
   economically: …an economically depressed area…经济萧条地区Small English orchards can hardly compete economically with larger French ones…英国的小型果园很难在经济上和法国的大型果园竞争。Economically and politically, this affair couldn’t come at a worse time.无论从经济上还是政治上来看，这件事来得都太不是时候了。
2. ADJ-GRADED 有利可图的;赚钱的 If something is economic, it produces a profit.
   The new system may be more economic but will lead to a decline in programme quality.
   新系统可能更合算，但是会降低程序质量。
   Usage Note :
   Take care not to confuse economic, economical, economics, and economy. 注意不要混淆
   economic, economical, economics 和 economy。

Question 47

eco·nom·i·cal

adj

-ˈnä-mi-kəl\

Answer 47

1. ADJ-GRADED 经济的;省钱的 Something that is economical does not require a lot of money to operate. For example a car that only uses a small amount of petrol is economical .
   …plans to trade in their car for something smaller and more economical…
   把他们的车折价贴换成更小、更经济型车的计划
   It is more economical to wash a full load.
   满缸洗衣更经济。
   economically: Services could be operated more efficiently and economically.服务的提供可以更加高效、更加节省。
2. ADJ-GRADED 不浪费的;节俭的;节约的 Someone who is economical spends money sensibly and does not want to waste it on things that are unnecessary. A way of life that is economical does not need a lot of money.
   …ideas for economical housekeeping.
   勤俭持家的观念
3. ADJ-GRADED 高效的；简练的 Economical means using the minimum amount of time, effort, or language that is necessary.
   His gestures were economical, his words generally mild.
   他的肢体语言极尽简化，措词总体温和。
   economically: Burn’s novel, vividly and economically written, is a sombre reflection on fame and its cost.伯恩的小说描写生动，语言简练，对成名以及为此付出的代价进行了深刻剖析。

an economical way to heat your house
a practical and economical solution to the problem

Question 48

eco·sys·tem

noun

-ˌsis-təm\

Answer 48

1. N-COUNT 生态系统 An ecosystem is all the plants and animals that live in a particular area together with the complex relationship that exists between them and their environment.
   Madagascar’s ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert.
   马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。
   …the forest ecosystem.
   森林生态系统

Question 49

edge

noun

\ˈej\

Answer 49

1. N-COUNT 边;边线;边缘 The edge of something is the place or line where it stops, or the part of it that is furthest from the middle.
   We were on a hill, right on the edge of town…
   我们在恰位于城镇边缘的一座小山上。
   She was standing at the water’s edge…
   她正站在水边。
2. N-COUNT （刀、斧等的）锋，刃 The edge of something sharp such as a knife or an axe is its sharp or narrow side.
   …the sharp edge of the sword.
   锋利的剑刃
3. VERB 缓慢地移动;挪动 If someone or something edges somewhere, they move very slowly in that direction.
   He edged closer to the telephone, ready to grab it…
   他慢慢挪向电话机，准备抓起听筒。
   He is edging ahead in the opinion polls.
   他在民意测验中的支持率正一点点攀升。
4. N-SING （尤指坏事的）边缘，临界点 The edge of something, especially something bad, is the point at which it may start to happen.
   They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction…
   他们已经令犀牛濒临灭绝。
   She was on the edge of tears.
   她泪水盈眶。
5. N-SING 优势;上风 If someone or something has an edge, they have an advantage that makes them stronger or more likely to be successful than another thing or person.
   The three days France have to prepare could give them the edge over England…
   法国有3天的准备时间，这可能会让他们在对阵英格兰时占上风。
   Through superior production techniques they were able to gain the competitive edge.
   凭借先进的生产技术，他们得以占据竞争优势。
6. N-SING 影响力;锋芒 If you say that someone or something has an edge, you mean that they have a powerful quality.
   Featuring new bands gives the show an edge…
   以新乐队为主打是这次演出的一个亮点。
   Greene’s stories had an edge of realism.
   格林的小说有强烈的现实主义色彩。
7. N-SING （声音的）尖锐,尖刻,激动 If someone’s voice has an edge to it, it has a sharp, bitter, or emotional quality.
   But underneath the humour is an edge of bitterness…
   但是幽默的背后却透着怨气。
   There was a nervous edge to his voice.
   他的声音有些紧张。
8. See also: cutting edge
9. PHRASE 紧张不安;烦躁 If you or your nerves are on edge, you are tense, nervous, and unable to relax.
   My nerves were constantly on edge.
   我的神经时刻处于紧绷状态。
10. PHRASE 有浓厚兴趣；聚精会神 If you say that someone is on the edge of their seat or chair, you mean that they are very interested in what is happening or what is going to happen.
    Most of the time the audience is on the edge of its seat.
    大多数时候，观众都屏息凝神。
11. PHRASE （无伤大雅的）瑕疵，小毛病 If you say that a person or a piece of entertainment has rough edges, you mean that they have some small faults, although generally you approve of them.
    The show, despite some rough edges, was an instant success.
    虽然有一些瑕疵，演出还是一举获得了成功。
12. PHRASE 减轻;弱化 If something takes the edge off a situation, usually an unpleasant one, it weakens its effect or intensity.
    A spell of poor health took the edge off her performance.
    一度身体欠佳令她表现有失水准。
13. to set your teeth on edge →see: tooth;

相关词组：edge out

1. PHRASAL VERB 险胜;勉强击败 If someone edges out someone else, they just manage to beat them or get in front of them in a game, race, or contest.
   France edged out the British team by less than a second…
   法国队以不到1秒的优势险胜英国队。
   McGregor’s effort was enough to edge Johnson out of the top spot.
   麦格雷戈奋力一搏，成功地将约翰逊从第一的位置上挤了下来。

Question 50

competitive edge

Answer 50

竞争优势