GMAT 02

Question 1

para·nor·mal

adj

\ˌpa-rə-ˈnȯr-məl\

Answer 1

1. ADJ 不符合科学法则的；超自然的；超常的 A paranormal event or power, for example the appearance of a ghost, cannot be explained by scientific laws and is thought to involve strange, unknown forces.
   Science may be able to provide some explanations of paranormal phenomena.
   科学也许能够解释某些超自然现象。
   You can refer to paranormal events and matters as the paranormal.超自然事件；超自然现象；超常事物
   We have been looking at the shadowy world of the paranormal.
   我们一直在关注玄奇事物这一神秘世界。

— paranormal noun
— para·nor·mal·i·ty \ˌpa-rə-ˌnȯr-ˈma-lə-tē\ noun
— para·nor·mal·ly -ˈnȯr-mə-lē\ adverb

<there are rumors that the old deserted mansion is the site of paranormal activity>

Question 2

para·phrase

noun

\ˈper-ə-ˌfrāz\

Answer 2

1. VERB 意译；改述 If you paraphrase someone or paraphrase something that they have said or written, you express what they have said or written in a different way.
   Parents, to paraphrase Philip Larkin, can seriously damage your health…
   菲利普·拉金的意思是:父母可能会严重损害你的健康。
   Baxter paraphrased the contents of the press release…
   巴克斯特解释了新闻稿的内容。
2. N-COUNT 释义；意译；改述 A paraphrase of something written or spoken is the same thing expressed in a different way.
   【搭配模式】：oft N of n

This is just a paraphrase of what he said, not an exact quote.

<your essays on human rights should have some original thought and not be simply a paraphrase of what’s in the textbook>

Question 3

para·psy·chol·o·gy

noun

\ˌpa-rə-(ˌ)sī-ˈkä-lə-jē\

Answer 3

1. N-UNCOUNT 心灵学；心灵心理学 Parapsychology is the study of strange mental abilities that seem to exist but cannot be explained by accepted scientific theories.

— para·psy·cho·log·i·cal -ˌsī-kə-ˈlä-ji-kəl\ adjective
— para·psy·chol·o·gist -(ˌ)sī-ˈkä-lə-jist\ noun

Question 4

par·a·site

noun

\ˈper-ə-ˌsīt\

Answer 4

1. N-COUNT 寄生虫；寄生物 A parasite is a small animal or plant that lives on or inside a larger animal or plant, and gets its food from it.
2. N-COUNT 不劳而获者；寄生虫 If you disapprove of someone because you think that they get money or other things from other people but do not do anything in return, you can call them a parasite .
   【语用信息】：disapproval

— par·a·sit·ic \ˌper-ə-ˈsi-tik\ also par·a·sit·i·cal -ti-kəl\ adjective
— par·a·sit·i·cal·ly -ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

Many diseases are caused by parasites.

She’s a parasite who only stays with him for the money.

These new companies are parasites feeding off the success of those who spent the last decade establishing the industry.

Question 5

pare

verb

\ˈper\

Answer 5

1. VERB See also: paring 削去…的皮；削去；剥去 When you pare something, or pare part of it off or away, you cut off its skin or its outer layer.
   Pare the brown skin from the meat with a very sharp knife…
   用一把非常锋利的刀将褐色的皮从肉上剥去。
   He took out a slab of cheese, pared off a slice and ate it hastily.
   他拿出一大块奶酪，切下一片，匆忙吃了。
2. VERB 削减；减少 If you pare something down or back, or if you pare it, you reduce it.
   The number of Ministries has been pared down by a third…
   部委的数量已经减少了1/3。
   The luxury tax won’t really do much to pare down the budget deficit…
   奢侈品税其实对削减预算赤字并不会有多少帮助。

— par·er noun

Question 6

parental-leave

Answer 6

父母请假

Question 7

pa·ren·the·sis

noun

\pə-ˈren(t)-thə-səs\

Answer 7

1. ADJ 作为插入语的；补充说明的 A parenthetical remark or section is put into something written or spoken but is not essential to it.
   Fox was making a long parenthetical remark about his travels on the border of the country.
   福克斯正在插入一大段题外话，讲他在该国边境游历的故事。
   parenthetically: Well, parenthetically, I was trying to quit smoking at the time…嗯，插一句，我那时正在努力戒烟。And what, we may ask parenthetically, does it mean?我们想顺带问一句，这是什么意思？

— par·en·thet·i·cal \ˌper-ən-ˈthe-ti-kəl\ also par·en·thet·ic -tik\ adjective
— par·en·thet·i·cal·ly -ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

Question 8

par·ish

noun

\ˈper-ish\

Answer 8

1. N-COUNT （有独立教堂和牧师的）教区，堂区 A parish is a village or part of a town which has its own church and priest.
   …the parish of St Mark’s, Lakenham…
   莱克纳姆圣马克教区
   Parish priests have referred to it in their sermons.
   堂区牧师在布道中提到了它。
2. N-COUNT （英格兰的乡村）行政小区 A parish is a small country area in England which has its own elected council.
   …a closely fought parish council election.
   竞争激烈的行政小区政务会选举
   …elected representatives, such as County and Parish Councillors.
   郡议员、乡村行政小区议员等由选举产生的代表

Question 9

pa·ro·chi·al

adj

\pə-ˈrō-kē-əl\

Answer 9

1. ADJ-GRADED （人）思想狭隘的，只考虑自身的 If you describe someone as parochial, you are critical of them because you think they are too concerned with their own affairs and should be thinking about more important things.
2. ADJ 堂区的；教区的 Parochial is used to describe things that relate to the parish connected with a particular church.
   She was a secretary on the local parochial church council.
   她是当地教区教会委员会的秘书。

— pa·ro·chi·al·ly -kē-ə-lē\ adverb

Question 10

pa·role

noun

\pə-ˈrōl\

Answer 10

1. N-UNCOUNT 假释 If a prisoner is given parole, he or she is released before the official end of their prison sentence and has to promise to behave well.
   Although sentenced to life, he will become eligible for parole after serving 10 years.
   虽然被判终身监禁，但是他在服刑10年后可以申请假释。
   If a prisoner is on parole, he or she is released before the official end of their prison sentence and will not be sent back to prison if their behaviour is good.处于假释期
   If released, he will continue to be on parole for eight more years.
   如果获释，他还有8年假释期。
2. VERB 假释（囚犯） If a prisoner is paroled, he or she is given parole.
   He faces at most 12 years in prison and could be paroled after eight years.
   他面临最高12年监禁，8年后可以获得假释。

— parole adjective

Question 11

par·tic·u·lar

adj

\pə(r)-ˈti-kyə-lər\

Answer 11

1. ADJ 特定的；特指的 You use particular to emphasize that you are talking about one thing or one kind of thing rather than other similar ones.
   I remembered a particular story about a postman who was a murderer…
   我记得有个故事，讲的是一个邮递员杀人的事情。
   I have to know exactly why it is I’m doing a particular job.
   我必须明确知道我为什么要做特定的一项工作。
2. ADJ 特殊的；特别的；独特的 If a person or thing has a particular quality or possession, it is distinct and belongs only to them.
   I have a particular responsibility to ensure I make the right decision…
   我肩负特殊责任，必须确保自己作出的决定是正确的。
   Fatigue is a particular problem for women.
   疲劳是女性特有的问题。
3. ADJ 格外的；特别的；尤其的 You can use particular to emphasize that something is greater or more intense than usual.
   Particular emphasis will be placed on oral language training.
   将会特别强调口语训练。
4. ADJ-GRADED 挑剔的；讲究的 If you say that someone is particular, you mean that they choose things and do things very carefully, and are not easily satisfied.
   Ted was very particular about the colors he used.
   特德在用色上非常讲究。
5. See also: particulars
6. PHRASE 尤其；特别 You use in particular to indicate that what you are saying applies especially to one thing or person.
   The situation in Ethiopia in particular is worrying…
   埃塞俄比亚的局势尤其令人担忧。
   Why should he notice her car in particular?…
   他为什么会特别注意到她的车？
7. PHRASE 没什么重要（或特别）的事物（或人） You use nothing in particular or nobody in particular to mean nothing or nobody important or special.
   I went along thinking of nothing in particular only looking at things around me…
   我一路走着，没想什么特别的事，只是四下张望着。
   Drew made some remarks to nobody in particular and said goodbye.
   德鲁说了一些不针对任何人的话就告辞了。

Question 12

par·tic·u·late

adj

\pär-ˈti-kyə-lət\

Answer 12

1. N-COUNT （尤指燃料燃烧时产生的）颗粒，微粒 Particulates are very small particles of a substance, especially those that are produced when fuel is burned.
   …the particulate pollution in our atmosphere.
   我们大气中的颗粒物污染

Question 13

par·ti·san

noun

\ˈpär-tə-zən\

Answer 13

1. ADJ-GRADED （对人或事业）盲目支持的，偏袒的，有倾向性的 Someone who is partisan strongly supports a particular person or cause, often without thinking carefully about the matter.
   He is clearly too partisan to be a referee.
   他倾向性过于明显，当不了裁判。
   A partisan is someone who is partisan.坚定支持者；有倾向性的人
   At first the eager young poet was a partisan of the Revolution.
   起初，那位满腔热忱的年轻诗人是革命的坚定支持者。
2. N-COUNT 游击队员 Partisans are ordinary people, rather than soldiers, who join together to fight enemy soldiers who are occupying their country.
   He was rescued by some Italian partisans.
   他被几名意大利游击队员所救。
   …serving in resistance and partisan activities.
   参与抵抗和游击活动

— partisan adjective
— par·ti·san·ly -lē\ adverb
— par·ti·san·ship -ˌship\ noun

Question 14

pass up

Answer 14

1. 放弃，错过（机会） If you pass up a chance or an opportunity, you do not take advantage of it.
   The official urged the government not to pass up the opportunity that has now presented itself…
   那位官员敦促政府不要放弃送上门的机会。
   ‘I can’t pass this up.’ She waved the invitation.
   “我不能错过这个机会，”她挥舞着请帖说。

Question 15

pass·book

noun

-ˌbu̇k\

Answer 15

1. N-COUNT 存折 A passbook is a small book recording the amount of money you pay in or take out of a savings account at a bank or building society.

Question 16

pas·ta

noun

\ˈpäs-tə\

Answer 16

1. N-MASS 面食（如意大利面条、通心粉等） Pasta is a type of food made from a mixture of flour, eggs, and water that is formed into different shapes and then boiled. Spaghetti, macaroni, and noodles are types of pasta.

They ordered pasta with meat sauce.

Breads and pastas are high in carbohydrates.

Question 17

pas·ture

noun

\ˈpas-chər\

Answer 17

1. N-VAR 牧场；牧草地 Pasture is land with grass growing on it for farm animals to eat.
   The cows are out now, grazing in the pasture.
   牛现在已经放出去了，正在牧场上吃草。
   …mountain pastures.
   高山牧场
2. PHRASE 更好的地方（或工作、条件）；更好的前程 If someone leaves for greener pastures, or in British English pastures new, they leave their job, their home, or the situation they are in for something they think will be much better.
   Michael decided he wanted to move on to pastures new for financial reasons.
   出于经济原因，迈克尔决意去寻找更好的前程。
   …nurses seeking greener pastures overseas.
   到国外寻求更好前程的护士们
3. PHRASE 放牧 If you put animals out to pasture, you move them out into the fields so they can eat the grass.
4. PHRASE 让…退休；使赋闲 If you say that someone is being put out to pasture, you mean they are no longer being employed because they are considered to be too old or no longer useful.
   I’m retiring next month. They’re putting me out to pasture.
   我下个月退休。他们要我养老去了。

Question 18

pat·ent

adj

\ˈpa-tənt\

Answer 18

1. N-COUNT 专利权 A patent is an official right to be the only person or company allowed to make or sell a new product for a certain period of time.
   The pronunciation /’pætənt/ is also used for meanings 1 and 2 in British English. 英国英语中义项1和2亦读作/’pætənt/。
   P&G applied for a patent on its cookies…
   宝洁公司为它的饼干申请专利权。
   He held a number of patents for his many innovations…
   他拥有多项发明的专利权。
2. VERB 得到…的专利权 If you patent something, you obtain a patent for it.
   He patented the idea that the atom could be split…
   他获得了“原子可以再分”这一概念的专利权。
   The invention has been patented by the university.
   那项发明已被那所大学申请了专利。
3. ADJ-GRADED （尤指坏事物）明显的，显而易见的 You use patent to describe something, especially something bad, in order to indicate in an emphatic way that you think its nature or existence is clear and obvious.
   This was patent nonsense.
   这明显是胡说八道。
   …a patent lie.
   赤裸裸的谎言
   patently: He made his displeasure patently obvious…他明显地表示了不悦。This is patently absurd.这显然荒唐透顶。

Question 19

pa·ter·nal·ism

noun

\pə-ˈtər-nə-ˌli-zəm\

Answer 19

1. N-UNCOUNT 家长制；家长作风 Paternalism means taking all the decisions for the people you govern, employ, or are responsible for, so that they cannot or do not have to make their own decisions.
   The government should be guided by the criteria of efficiency and not State paternalism.
   政府应遵循高效原则，杜绝国家家长作风。
   …the company’s reputation for paternalism.
   该公司家长作风的名声

— pa·ter·nal·ist -nə-list\ noun or adjective
— pa·ter·nal·is·tic -ˌtər-nə-ˈlis-tik\ adjective
— pa·ter·nal·is·ti·cal·ly -ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

Question 20

path·o·gen·ic

adj

-ˈje-nik\

Answer 20

1. ADJ 病原的；致病的 A pathogenic organism can cause disease in a person, animal, or plant.

— path·o·ge·nic·i·ty -jə-ˈni-sə-tē\ noun

Question 21

pa·thol·o·gy

noun

-jē\

Answer 21

1. N-UNCOUNT 病理学 Pathology is the study of the way diseases and illnesses develop.
   【语域标签】：MEDICAL 医

the pathology of lung diseases

Question 22

pa·tron

noun

\ˈpā-trən\

Answer 22

1. N-COUNT （艺术家、作家和音乐家等的）赞助人，资助人 A patron is a person who supports and gives money to artists, writers, or musicians.
   Catherine the Great was a patron of the arts and sciences.
   叶卡捷琳娜大帝资助发展艺术和科学。
2. N-COUNT （允许慈善机构、团体和活动等使用自己的名字作宣传的）代言人，名义赞助人 The patron of a charity, group, or campaign is an important person who allows his or her name to be used for publicity.
   Fiona and Alastair have become patrons of the National Missing Person’s Helpline.
   菲奥娜和阿拉斯泰尔已经成为国家失踪人口服务热线的代言人。
3. N-COUNT （酒吧、旅馆等的）主顾，顾客 The patrons of a place such as a pub, bar, or hotel are its customers.
   He spent the night at the Savoy: like so many of its patrons, he could not resist the exclusively English cooking.
   他在萨沃伊酒店过了夜：和许多顾客一样，他无法抗拒精美的英式菜肴。

— pa·tron·al \ˈpā-trə-n^əl\ adjective

Question 23

pa·tron·age

noun

\ˈpa-trə-nij\

Answer 23

1. N-UNCOUNT 资助；赞助 Patronage is the support and money given by someone to a person or a group such as a charity.
   …government patronage of the arts in Europe…
   欧洲政府对艺术的资助
   The Vevey Festival was founded 12 years ago under the patronage of Oona Chaplin.
   沃韦喜剧电影节是12年前在乌娜·卓别麟的赞助下设立的。

The college relied on the patronage of its wealthy graduates to expand its funds.

They thanked her for her patronage of the new hospital.

The city should do more to encourage patronage of local businesses.

a system of political patronage

Question 24

pa·tron·ize

verb

\ˈpā-trə-ˌnīz\

Answer 24

1. VERB 对…摆出屈尊俯就的样子 If someone patronizes you, they speak or behave towards you in a way which seems friendly, but which shows that they think they are superior to you in some way.
   in BRIT, also use 英国英语亦用 patronise
   Don’t you patronize me!…
   别在我面前摆出一副屈尊俯就的样子！
   Cornelia often felt patronised by her tutors.
   科妮莉亚常常觉得她的老师们对她摆出屈尊俯就的样子。
2. VERB 资助；赞助 Someone who patronizes artists, writers, or musicians supports them and gives them money.
   The Japanese Imperial family patronises the Japanese Art Association.
   日本皇室资助日本艺术协会。
3. VERB 光顾；惠顾 If someone patronizes a place such as a pub, bar, or hotel, they are one of its customers.
   The ladies of Berne liked to patronize the Palace for tea and little cakes.
   伯尔尼的女士们喜欢去联邦宫殿用茶点。

— pa·tron·i·za·tion \ˌpā-trə-nə-ˈzā-shən\ noun
— pa·tron·iz·ing·ly \ˈpā-trə-ˌnī-ziŋ-lē\ adverb

Question 25

peak

noun

\ˈpēk\

Answer 25

1. N-COUNT 顶点；顶峰 The peak of a process or an activity is the point at which it is at its strongest, most successful, or most fully developed.
   The party’s membership has fallen from a peak of fifty-thousand after the Second World War…
   二战后该党党员人数已从5万人的峰值下降了。
   The bomb went off in a concrete dustbin at the peak of the morning rush hour.
   在最繁忙的交通早高峰期，那枚炸弹在一个混凝土垃圾箱里爆炸了。
2. VERB 达到顶点；达到顶峰；达到最高值 When something peaks, it reaches its highest value or its highest level.
   Temperatures have peaked at over thirty degrees Celsius…
   温度最高达30摄氏度以上。
   The crisis peaked in July 1974…
   那场危机在1974年7月达到巅峰。
3. ADJ （水平、价值）最高的，最大的 The peak level or value of something is its highest level or value.
   Calls cost 36p (cheap rate) and 48p (peak rate) per minute…
   电话每分钟36便士（优惠费率）和48便士（高峰费率）。
   We bought it at the wrong time and paid the peak price.
   我们买的时机不合适，买了个最高价。
4. ADJ See also: peak time 高峰的；高峰期的 Peak times are the times when there is most demand for something or most use of something.
   It’s always crowded at peak times…
   高峰期总是非常拥挤。
   During peak periods, reservations are difficult to make at some of the hotels.
   在高峰时期，有些酒店很难预订到房间。
5. N-COUNT 山峰；山顶；山巅 A peak is a mountain or the top of a mountain.
   …the snow-covered peaks.
   积雪覆盖的山顶
6. N-COUNT 帽舌；帽檐 The peak of a cap is the part at the front that sticks out above your eyes.
   The man touched the peak of his cap.
   那名男子摸了摸他的帽舌。

Question 26

pe·cu·ni·ary

adj

\pi-ˈkyü-nē-ˌer-ē\

Answer 26

1. ADJ 金钱的；金钱方面的 Pecuniary means concerning or involving money.
   She denies obtaining a pecuniary advantage by deception.
   她否认通过欺骗手段获得经济利益。

— pe·cu·ni·ar·i·ly -ˌkyü-nē-ˈer-ə-lē\ adverb

<that makes good pecuniary sense>

<the judge recused himself from the case because he had a pecuniary interest in the company that was being sued>

Question 27

ped·a·gog·i·cal

adj

\ˌpe-də-ˈgä-ji-kəl\

Answer 27

1. ADJ 教学法的；教育学的 Pedagogical means concerning the methods and theory of teaching.
   …the pedagogical methods used in the classroom.
   课堂上使用的教学法

— ped·a·gog·i·cal·ly -ji-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

Question 28

pe·dan·tic

adj

\pi-ˈdan-tik\

Answer 28

1. ADJ-GRADED 过分拘泥于细节（或传统）的；学究气的；迂腐的 If you think someone is pedantic, you mean that they are too concerned with unimportant details or traditional rules, especially in connection with academic subjects.
   His lecture was so pedantic and uninteresting.
   他的讲座学究气太浓，没意思。

— pe·dan·ti·cal·ly -ˈdan-ti-k(ə-)lē\ adverb

It may seem pedantic to harp on what looks like mere procedure, but this is one case where the process is the forest. —Hendrik Hertzberg, New Yorker, 29 May 2000

Question 29

ped·dler

noun

\ˈped-lər\

Answer 29

1. N-COUNT 流动小贩；货郎 A peddler is someone who goes from place to place in order to sell something.
   The spelling pedlar is also used in British English for meanings 1 and 3. 拼写pedlar在英国英语中亦用于义项1和3。
2. N-COUNT 毒贩 A drug peddler is a person who sells illegal drugs.
3. N-COUNT （思想或信息的）宣扬者，散布者 A peddler of information or ideas is someone who frequently expresses such ideas to other people.
   …the peddlers of fear.
   恐惧的散布者

Question 30

pe·des·tri·an

adj

\pə-ˈdes-trē-ən\

Answer 30

1. N-COUNT （尤指城镇的）步行者，行人 A pedestrian is a person who is walking, especially in a town or city, rather than travelling in a vehicle.
   In Los Angeles a pedestrian is a rare spectacle…
   在洛杉矶很少见到步行者。
   More than a third of all pedestrian injuries are to children.
   所有受伤的行人中有1/3以上是儿童。
2. ADJ-GRADED 平庸的；乏味的；平淡无奇的 If you describe something as pedestrian, you mean that it is ordinary and not at all interesting.
   His style is so pedestrian that the book becomes a real bore…
   他的文风十分平庸，那本书乏味至极。
   I drove home contemplating my own more pedestrian lifestyle.
   我开车回家，一路上思考着自己更为乏味的生活方式。

Question 31

peer

noun

\ˈpir\

Answer 31

1. VERB （通常因难以看清而）盯着看，凝视，端详 If you peer at something, you look at it very hard, usually because it is difficult to see clearly.
   I had been peering at a computer print-out that made no sense at all…
   我一直盯着看一张毫无意义的计算机打印稿。
   He watched the Customs official peer into the driver’s window.
   他看见海关官员透过驾驶座车窗仔细地往里看。
2. N-COUNT （英国有权或曾经有权在上议院投票的）贵族 In Britain, a peer is a member of the nobility who has or had the right to vote in the House of Lords.
   Lord Swan was made a life peer in 1981.
   斯旺勋爵于1981年受封终身贵族。
3. N-COUNT 同龄人；同辈；身份（或地位）相同的人 Your peers are the people who are the same age as you or who have the same status as you.
   …children who are much cleverer than their peers…
   比同龄人聪明许多的孩子
   His engaging personality made him popular with his peers.
   他迷人的个性使他深受同龄人的喜爱。

Question 32

pel·vic

adj/noun

\ˈpel-vik\

Answer 32

1. ADJ 靠近骨盆的；骨盆的 Pelvic means near or relating to your pelvis.

Question 33

pel·vis

noun

\ˈpel-vəs\

Answer 33

1. N-COUNT 骨盆 Your pelvis is the wide, curved group of bones at the level of your hips.

Question 34

pen·al·ty

noun

\ˈpe-n^əl-tē\

Answer 34

1. N-COUNT 刑罚；处罚；惩罚 A penalty is a punishment that someone is given for doing something which is against a law or rule.
   One of those arrested could face the death penalty…
   被捕的那些人中有一人可能被判死刑。
   The maximum penalty is up to 7 years imprisonment or an unlimited fine.
   最高处罚是最多7年监禁或者无上限罚款。
2. N-COUNT 罚球；点球 In sports such as football, rugby, and hockey, a penalty is an opportunity to score a goal, which is given to the attacking team if the defending team breaks a rule near their own goal.
   Referee Michael Reed had no hesitation in awarding a penalty…
   裁判迈克尔·里德毫不犹豫地判了点球。
   Jonathan Davies scored a penalty goal.
   乔纳森·戴维斯点球得分。
3. N-COUNT 惩罚；报应；不利后果 The penalty that you pay for something you have done is something unpleasant that you experience as a result.
   Why should I pay the penalty for somebody else’s mistake?…
   为什么我要代人受过？
   It’s a penalty of us being girls — sons have an easy time.
   这是我们身为女孩的弊端——男孩子们过得轻松。

Question 35

pen·dant

noun

\ˈpen-dənt\

Answer 35

1. N-COUNT （项链上的）吊坠，挂件，坠饰 A pendant is an ornament on a chain that you wear round your neck.

<Navajo necklaces with pendants finely crafted in genuine sky-blue turquoise.>

<a pendant that once flew on Nelson’s flagship>

Question 36

pen·e·trate

verb

\ˈpe-nə-ˌtrāt\

Answer 36

1. VERB 渗入；进入；穿过；穿透 If something or someone penetrates a physical object or an area, they succeed in getting into it or passing through it.
   X-rays can penetrate many objects…
   X射线能够穿透很多物体。
   His men had been ordered to shoot on sight anyone trying to penetrate the area.
   他的部下已经接到命令，见到试图穿越该地区的人就开枪。
   penetration: The exterior walls are three to three and a half feet thick to prevent penetration by bombs.外墙厚3到3.5英尺，以防炸弹穿透。…moves designed to block enemy penetrations.旨在阻止敌人渗透的举措
2. VERB 进入；跻身 If someone penetrates an organization, a group, or a profession, they succeed in entering it although it is difficult to do so.
   …the continuing failure of women to penetrate the higher levels of engineering…
   女性一直未能跻身工程领域的更高层
   The drugs industry is complex and hard to penetrate.
   医药行业非常复杂，很难进入。
3. VERB 打入，渗透（敌人或竞争对手内部） If someone penetrates an enemy group or a rival organization, they succeed in joining it in order to get information or cause trouble.
   The CIA had requested our help to penetrate a drugs ring operating out of Munich…
   美国中央情报局已请求我们协助其打入在慕尼黑市外活动的贩毒集团。
   The army was one of the few institutions the secret police were not encouraged to penetrate.
   军队是不鼓励秘密警察渗入的少数机构之一。
   penetration: …the successful penetration by the KGB of the French intelligence service.克格勃对法国情报机构的成功渗透
4. VERB 进入，打入（市场或地区） If a company or country penetrates a market or area, they succeed in selling their products there.
   There have been around 15 attempts from outside France to penetrate the market.
   大约已经有15家外国公司试图进入法国市场。
   penetration: …import penetration across a broad range of heavy industries.进口对重工业领域的广泛渗透
5. VERB 了解；洞察；领悟 If you penetrate something that is difficult to understand, you succeed in understanding it.
   …long answers that were often difficult to penetrate.
   往往难以理解的冗长回答

Question 37

pen·in·su·la

noun

\pə-ˈnin(t)-s(ə-)lə\

Answer 37

1. N-COUNT 半岛 A peninsula is a long narrow piece of land which sticks out from a larger piece of land and is almost completely surrounded by water.
   …the political situation in the Korean peninsula…
   朝鲜半岛的政治局势
   I had walked around the entire peninsula.
   我走遍了整个半岛。

— pen·in·su·lar -s(ə-)lər\ adjective

Question 38

pen·i·tence

noun

\ˈpe-nə-tən(t)s\

Answer 38

1. N-UNCOUNT 悔过；忏悔；愧疚 Penitence is sincere regret for wrong or evil things that you have done.

<the sincerity of the player’s penitence is questionable—he began to express remorse only after the suspension was handed down>

Question 39

pen·i·ten·tia·ry

noun

\ˌpe-nə-ˈten(t)-sh(ə-)rē\

Answer 39

1. N-COUNT 监狱 A penitentiary is a prison.

<a sentence in the state penitentiary for robbery>

Question 40

penny-pinch

Answer 40

n.吝啬的人

Question 41

pen·sion

noun

\ˈpen(t)-shən\

Answer 41

1. N-COUNT 养老金；退休金；抚恤金 Someone who has a pension receives a regular sum of money from the state or from a former employer because they have retired or because they are widowed or disabled.
   …struggling by on a pension.
   靠养老金苦苦支撑
   …a company pension scheme.
   公司养老金计划

相关词组：pension off

1. PHRASAL VERB 发给…养老金使其退休 If someone is pensioned off, they are made to retire from work and are given a pension.
   Many successful women do not want to be pensioned off at 60…
   很多成功女性不想60岁就领养老金退休。
   When his employees were no longer of use to him, he pensioned them off.
   员工对他不再有利用价值时，他就发养老金迫使他们退休。

— pen·sion·less \ˈpen(t)-shən-ləs\ adjective

Question 42

pen·ta·gon

noun

\ˈpen-tə-ˌgän\

Answer 42

1. N-COUNT 五边形；五角形 A pentagon is a shape with five sides.

The general attended a meeting at the Pentagon.

There was disagreement between the President and the Pentagon over the new military budget.

Question 43

pep·tide

noun

\ˈpep-ˌtīd\

Answer 43

n.<生化>肽，缩氨酸

— pep·tid·ic adjective \pep-ˈti-dik\

Question 44

per cap·i·ta

adv or adj

(ˌ)pər-ˈka-pə-tə\

Answer 44

1. ADJ 人均的；按人计算的 The per capita amount of something is the total amount of it in a country or area divided by the number of people in that country or area.
   They have the world’s largest per capita income…
   他们的人均收入居世界之首。
   The per capita consumption of alcohol has dropped over the past two years.
   在过去两年里，人均酒品消费量降低了。
   Per capita is also an adverb.

Question 45

per·ceive

verb

\pər-ˈsēv\

Answer 45

1. VERB 注意到，察觉，意识到（尤指不明显之物） If you perceive something, you see, notice, or realize it, especially when it is not obvious.
   A key task is to get pupils to perceive for themselves the relationship between success and effort…
   关键任务是让学生们自己认识到成功和努力之间的关系。
   ‘Precisely what other problems do you perceive?’ she asked.
   “你究竟还发现了什么问题？”她问道。
2. VERB 看作；视为；认为 If you perceive someone or something as doing or being a particular thing, it is your opinion that they do this thing or that they are that thing.
   Stress is widely perceived as contributing to coronary heart disease…
   压力被广泛认为是导致冠心病的一个因素。
   They strangely perceive television as entertainment.
   奇怪的是，他们居然将电视看作娱乐。

— per·ceiv·able adjective -ˈsē-və-bəl\
— per·ceiv·ably adverb -blē\
— per·ceiv·er noun

<I thought I perceived a problem, but I wasn’t sure.>

<perceived that it was going to be a nice day>

We perceive by means of the kaleidoscopic mirror of this life. This means that our ability to perceive is at one tyrannized by our expectations, and at war with them. —James Baldwin, The Evidence of Things Not Seen, 1985

Question 46

per·cep·tion

noun

\pər-ˈsep-shən\

Answer 46

1. N-COUNT 理解；看法；认识 Your perception of something is the way that you think about it or the impression you have of it.
   He is interested in how our perceptions of death affect the way we live.
   他感兴趣的是我们对死亡的看法如何影响我们的生活。
   …their perception of foreigners.
   他们对外国人的印象
2. N-UNCOUNT 洞察力；认识能力；悟性 Someone who has perception realizes or notices things that are not obvious.
   It did not require a great deal of perception to realise the interview was over.
   并不需要多少洞察力也能意识到面试已经结束了。
3. N-COUNT （尤指视觉上的）感觉，感知 Perception is the recognition of things using your senses, especially the sense of sight.

— per·cep·tion·al adjective -shə-n^əl\

Question 47

pe·ren·ni·al

adj

\pə-ˈre-nē-əl\

Answer 47

1. ADJ-GRADED （尤指问题或困难）永恒的，持续的，亘古不变的 You use perennial to describe situations or states that keep occurring or which seem to exist all the time; used especially to describe problems or difficulties.
   …the perennial urban problems of drugs and homelessness…
   毒品和无家可归这两个一直困扰城市的问题
   There’s a perennial shortage of teachers with science qualifications.
   有理科教学资格的老师一直都很短缺。
   perennially: Both services are perennially short of staff.两个机构一直都是人手不够。
2. ADJ （植物）多年生的 A perennial plant lives for several years and has flowers each year.
   …a perennial herb with greenish-yellow flowers.
   开绿黄色花的多年生香草
   Perennial is also a noun.
   …a low-growing perennial.
   多年生矮小植物

— perennial noun
— pe·ren·ni·al·ly adverb -nē-ə-lē\

Question 48

per·func·to·ry

adj

\pər-ˈfəŋ(k)-t(ə-)rē\

Answer 48

1. ADJ-GRADED 敷衍的；潦草的；马马虎虎的 A perfunctory action is done quickly and carelessly, and shows a lack of interest in what you are doing.
   She gave the list only a perfunctory glance…
   她马马虎虎地扫了一眼清单。
   …a perfunctory handshake…
   漫不经心的握手
   perfunctorily: Melina was perfunctorily introduced to the men.梅利娜被草草地介绍给了男士们。

— per·func·to·ri·ly -t(ə-)rə-lē\ adverb
— per·func·to·ri·ness -t(ə-)rē-nəs\ noun

Question 49

pe·rim·e·ter

noun

\pə-ˈri-mə-tər\

Answer 49

1. N-COUNT 外缘；边缘 The perimeter of an area of land is the whole of its outer edge or boundary.
   …the perimeter of the airport…
   机场四周
   Officers dressed in riot gear are surrounding the perimeter fence.
   身穿防暴服的警察正在包围外围的栅栏。

He scored from the perimeter.

<soldiers guarding the perimeter of the camp>

Question 50

pe·ri·od·ic·i·ty

noun

\ˌpir-ē-ə-ˈdi-sə-tē\

Answer 50

n.定期，周期性； 周律