Glycoproteins Flashcards
What are glycoproteins?
Glycoproteins are proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to the polypeptide chain.
True or False: Glycoproteins play a role in cell-cell recognition.
True
Fill in the blank: The carbohydrate component of glycoproteins is usually a __________.
oligosaccharide
What is the primary function of glycoproteins in the immune system?
They help in the recognition and binding of pathogens.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of glycoproteins? A) Cell signaling B) Immune response C) Energy storage D) Structural support
C) Energy storage
What type of bond links carbohydrates to proteins in glycoproteins?
Glycosidic bonds
True or False: All proteins can be classified as glycoproteins.
False
What is the role of glycoproteins in membrane structure?
They contribute to the fluidity and functionality of the cell membrane.
Fill in the blank: Glycoproteins are important for __________ stability and signaling.
cellular
What are the two main types of glycoproteins based on the type of glycosidic bond?
N-linked and O-linked glycoproteins
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a glycoprotein? A) Hemoglobin B) Insulin C) Mucins D) Collagen
C) Mucins
What is the significance of glycosylation in glycoproteins?
Glycosylation affects protein folding, stability, and function.
True or False: Glycoproteins can be found on the surface of cells.
True
What is the relationship between glycoproteins and hormones?
Some hormones are glycoproteins and play key roles in signaling.
Fill in the blank: The study of glycoproteins is known as __________.
glycobiology
Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes involves glycoproteins? A) Protein synthesis B) DNA replication C) Cell signaling D) All of the above
C) Cell signaling
What is a common method used to analyze glycoproteins?
Mass spectrometry
True or False: Glycoproteins can serve as biomarkers for diseases.
True
What role do glycoproteins play in viral infections?
They can act as receptors for viruses to enter host cells.
Fill in the blank: Glycoproteins are essential for the formation of __________ in the extracellular matrix.
glycocalyx
What is the main structural difference between N-linked and O-linked glycoproteins?
N-linked glycoproteins have carbohydrates attached to nitrogen in asparagine, while O-linked glycoproteins have carbohydrates attached to oxygen in serine or threonine.
True or False: Glycoproteins can influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs.
True
What is the effect of glycoproteins on cell adhesion?
They facilitate cell adhesion through interactions with other cells and the extracellular matrix.
Fill in the blank: Glycoproteins can be involved in __________ transport across cellular membranes.
molecular
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic feature of glycoproteins? A) Hydrophobicity B) High molecular weight C) Presence of a lipid anchor D) All of the above
B) High molecular weight
What type of cells are known for producing large amounts of glycoproteins?
Secretory cells
What are glycans?
Glycans are complex carbohydrates composed of sugar molecules that can be branched or linear.
True or False: Glycans can be found attached to proteins and lipids.
True
Fill in the blank: Glycans are important for cell-cell ________ and signaling.
communication
What are the two main types of glycans?
N-linked and O-linked glycans.
Which type of glycan is attached to the nitrogen atom of asparagine?
N-linked glycans.
Which type of glycan is attached to the oxygen atom of serine or threonine?
O-linked glycans.
What is the role of glycans in the immune response?
Glycans play a role in cell recognition and the modulation of immune responses.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of glycans? A) Hydrophobic B) Amphipathic C) Hydrophilic
C) Hydrophilic
True or False: Glycans can affect the stability and folding of proteins.
True
What is glycosylation?
Glycosylation is the process of adding glycans to proteins or lipids.
Fill in the blank: Glycans can influence ________ recognition and interaction.
molecular
What are glycoproteins?
Glycoproteins are proteins that have oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached.
Multiple choice: Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of glycans? A) Glycosyltransferase B) Phosphatase C) Kinase
A) Glycosyltransferase
True or False: Glycans have no role in disease processes.
False
What is the significance of glycan diversity?
Glycan diversity is crucial for various biological functions, including cell signaling and immune responses.
Fill in the blank: The study of glycans is known as ________.
glycobiology
What are proteoglycans?
Proteoglycans are a type of glycoprotein that have long chains of glycosaminoglycans attached.
True or False: All glycans are soluble in water.
False
What role do glycans play in cancer?
Glycans can influence tumor progression, metastasis, and immune evasion in cancer.
Multiple choice: Which sugar is commonly found in N-linked glycans? A) Glucose B) Mannose C) Ribose
B) Mannose
What is the function of lectins?
Lectins are proteins that bind specifically to glycans and play roles in cell recognition and signaling.
Fill in the blank: Glycans can be classified into ________ and ________ based on their structure.
oligosaccharides; polysaccharides
What are glycosaminoglycans?
Glycosaminoglycans are long unbranched polysaccharides that play crucial roles in the extracellular matrix.
True or False: Glycans do not participate in any enzymatic reactions.
False
What is the primary structural component of the cell wall in plants that is a type of glycan?
Cellulose
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of glycans? A) Energy storage B) Cell signaling C) DNA replication
C) DNA replication
What is the main component of glycoproteins that distinguishes them from regular proteins?
The presence of glycan chains.
