Glycolysis

Question 1

What are the three stages of Glycolysis?

Answer 1

• Glucose to Fructose 1,6 Diphosphate
• Fructose 1,6 Diphosphate to 3-C intermediates
• 3-C Intermediates to Pyruvate

Question 2

What are the four types of glucose transporter, where are they found, and what are their relative Km values?

Answer 2

• GLUT1, Red Blood Cells
• GLUT2, Hepatocytes and Pancreatic Beta Cells
• GLUT3, Brain
• GLUT4, Fat and Muscle

Question 3

What are the different types of hexokinase, where are they located, and what are their relative Km values?

Answer 3

• HKI, Brain, Low Km
• HKII Muscle and Fat, Low Km
• HKIII, Kidney, Low Km
• HKIV Liver, High Km

Question 4

Why is phosphorylation of glucose important as a first step?

Answer 4

Phosphorylated compounds can’t travel back out of the cell membrane or into the mitochondria

Question 5

is the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate equilbrium or non?

Answer 5

Non-equilibrium

Question 6

Is G6P to F6P equilibrium/non?

Answer 6

Near-equilibrium

Question 7

What is glucose converted to in the first stage of glycolysis, and by what/using what?

Answer 7

Glucose-6-Phosphate, by Hexokinase, using magnersium ions, and phosphate from ATP

Question 8

What is glucose-6-phosphate converted to in glycolysis, and by what?

Answer 8

Fructose-6-phosphate, by Phosphoglucoisomerase

Question 9

What is Fructose-6-phosphate converted to in glycolysis and by what/using what?

Answer 9

Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate, by Phosphofructokinase, using magnesium ions, and phosphate from ATP

Question 10

What is Fructose-1,6-Phosphate split into in glycolysis, and by what?

Answer 10

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, by Aldolase

Question 11

What enzyme converts Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?

Answer 11

Triose phosphate isomerase

Question 12

What is Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate converted to in glycolysis and by what/producing what?

Answer 12

1,3 Diphosphoglycerate, by Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, oxidising NAD+ into NADH

Question 13

What is 1,3 Diphosphoglycerate converted to in glycolysis and by what/producing what?

Answer 13

3 Phosphoglycerate, by Phosphoglycerate Kinase, phosphorylating ADP to ATP in the process

Question 14

What is 3 Phosphoglycerate converted to in glycolysis and by what?

Answer 14

2 Phosphoglycerate, by Phosphoglycerate Mutase

Question 15

What is 2 Phosphoglycerate converted to in glycolysis and by what/producing what?

Answer 15

Phosphoenolpyruvate, by Enolase, producing H2O

Question 16

What is Phosphoenolpyruvate converted to in glycolysis and by what/producing what?

Answer 16

Pyruvate, by pyruvate kinase, phosphorylating ADP into ATP.