Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

Which reactions in glycolysis are non-equilbrium (and thus not the same in gluconeogenesis?)

Answer 1

Those catalysed by hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase

Question 2

What enzymes are required to convert pyruvate back into phosphoenolpyruvate?

Answer 2

Pyruvate carboxylase and Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

Question 3

What does Pyruvate Carboxylase do?

Answer 3

Carboxylates pyruvate to oxaloacetate using energy from ATP hydrolysis

Question 4

What does Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase do?

Answer 4

Decarboxylates and phosphorylates oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate using energy from the hydrolysis of GTP or ITP

Question 5

What enzyme is used to convert Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate back into Fructose-6-Phoshpate?

Answer 5

Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase

Question 6

What does Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase do?

Answer 6

Hydrolyses Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate to Fructose-6-Phosphate

Question 7

What enzyme is used to convert Glucose-6-phosphate back into Glucose?

Answer 7

Glucose-6-Phosphatase

Question 8

what does glucose-6-phosphatase do?

Answer 8

Hydrolyses Glucose-6-phosphate to glucose

Question 9

What is the overall reaction formula for gluconeogenesis from pyruvate?

Answer 9

2pyruvate+ 6ATP+ 2NADH –> 1glucose + 6ADP + 6Pi + 2NAD+

Question 10

Where is pyruvate carboxylase located?

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

Where is phosphoenol carboykinase located?

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

Where is Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase located?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

Where is Glucose-6-phosphatase located?

Answer 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum