Glycolysis

Question 1

Energy investment steps 1-3 in glycolysis

Answer 1

1. Two ATP molecules are hydrolyzed
2. First ATP attaches a phosphate group to one end of the glucose molecule creates glucose-6-phosphate
3. Gets rearranged to form fructose-6-phosphate

Question 2

Energy payoff steps 6 and 7of glycolysis

Answer 2

6. (A) each G3P gives 1 hydrogen and 2 electrons to NAD+ (coenzyme) reducing it to form NADH
   (B) same time G3P combines with inorganic phosphate resulting in unstable molecule called 1-3BPG
7. 1-3 BPG gives up phosphate group to ADP forming ATP. This results in a molecule of G3P

Result = 2 ATP molecules are formed (one for each G3P) called substrate level phosphorylation

Question 3

Energy payoff steps 8-10

Answer 3

8. Molecule of G3P rearranges to its structurally different isomer of 2PG
9. 2PG gives up 1 proton (H+) and 1 hydroxide ion (OH-) which combine to form water. The resulting molecule is PEP
10. PEP is very unstable and breaks down releasing enough energy to transfer 1 phosphate group to ADP forming another molecule of ATP

Next total of 2 molecules of ATP (1 for each PEP)
Original glucose molecule has been broken down to 2 pyruvate molecules each with 3 carbon backbone

Question 4

Definition of glycolysis

Answer 4

First step in cell respiration
Glycolysis is a process for harnessing energy in which one glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 5

Energy investment steps 4-5 in glycolysis

Answer 5

4. Second ATP attaches a phosphate group to the other end of the fructose-6-phosphate molecule.
   Forms fructose -1,6,bisphosphate
5. Backbone then splits apart to form glyceraldehyd-3-phosphate (G3P) and DHAP
   DHAP then is converted to G3P