Glycolysis Flashcards
What are the enzymes of the three irreversible steps?
- Hexokinase
- PFK-1
- Pyruvate Kinase
How many ATPs are produced in the liver with complete aerobic metabolism?
32
How many ATPs are produces in the muscle with complete aerobic metabolism?
30
What is the shuttle used for glycolysis in the liver?
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle
What is the shuttle used for glycolysis in the muscle?
Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttle
What is the rate limiting step in glycolysis?
PFK-1
How many ATPs are produced in aneraobic glycolysis?
2 ATPs per glucose
What inhibits PFK-1?
ATP and Citrate
What stimulates PFK-1?
AMP and F26BP
Which enzyme forms a high energy bond?
Glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase
What inhibits pyruvate kinase?
ATP and Alanine
What stimulates pyruvate kinase?
F-1,6-BP
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
Where is PFK-1 regulated?
Liver
What enzyme catalyzes F-2,6-BP?
PFK2
What enzyme coverts pyruvate to lactate?
Lactate Dehydrogenase
What is the main function of LDH?
To regenerate NAD+ so that glucose carbons can flow through glycolysis= NADH recycling
What enzyme has a high affinity and low capacity for glucose to G-6-P and is uninduced by insulin?
Hexokinase!!!
What enzyme is found only in the liver and has a low affinity and high capacity for glucose to G6P and is induced by insulin?
Glucokinase
What enzyme converts pyruvate to OOA?
pyruvate carboxylase
What are the fates of pyruvate?
- AcetylCoA–> TCA (PDHC)
- Lactate (LDH)
- OOA (PC)
- Alanine (ALT)
What is ATP yield of free glucose compared to glucose from glycogen in glycolysis?
Free glucose= 2 ATP
G-1-P= 3ATP
Don’t lose an ATP by phosphorylating it
