Glycolysis Flashcards
what is primary purpose of glycolysis
generate 2 pyruvate
generate ATP and NADH
where does glycolysis occur in the cell
cytoplasm
what are the two main phases of glycolysis
energy investment phase and energy payoff phase
what is the net ATP gain from glycolysis per glucose molecules
2 ATP
what is the end product of glycolysis in aerobic conditions
pyruvate
what happens to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?
it is converted to lactate in animals and ethanol in yeast
What enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis
hexokinase
glucokinase in the liver
what is the function of phoshofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
RATE LIMITING ENZYME
catalyzes fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6,-bisphosphate
which enzyme cleaves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two three carbon molecules
Adolase
what are the two three carbon molecules produced after fructose-1,6,bisphosphate
G3P
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
DHAP
-dihydroxyacetone phosphate
what enzyme converts DHAP to G3P
Triose phosphate isomerase
what enzyme catalyzes the formation of 1,3-bisphospgoglycerate from G3P
gylceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
which enzyme GENERATES ATP by converting 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate?
phosphoglycerate kinase
what is the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of glycolysis.
pyruvate kinase
how many ATP molecules are used in the energy investment phase of glycolysis
2 ATP
How many ATP molecules are produced in the energy payoff phase?
4 ATP
what is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis
NAD+ acts as an electron acceptor becoming NADH during the oxidation of G3P
(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
How is glycolysis regulated at the level of PFK-1
-phosphofructokinase-1
PFK-1 is activated by AMP and inhibited by ATP and citrate
what effect does insulin have on glycolysis
stimulates
what effect does glucagon have on glycolysis
inhibits and promotes gluconeogenesis
what is the intermediate that links glycolysis to fatty acid synthesis
acetyl-coa (formed by pyruvate)
which glycolytic intermediate can be used for nucleotide synthesis
glucose-6-phosphate
what is the significance of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2-3 BPG) in red blood cells?
it helps regulate oxygen affintity in hemoglobin
