Glycolysis Flashcards
Where does cellular respiration occur?
Mitochondria in eukaryotes, prokaryotes have similar process but no membrane-bound organelles
Describe role of outer membrane in mitochondria
Compartmentalisation, separates mitochondria from cell allowing aerobic respiration to occur
Describe role of inner membrane in mitochondria
Site of chemiosmosis using energy from breakdown of glucose; contains ETC and ATP synthase to generate ATP
Describe role of cristae in mitochondria
Folds in inner membrane which increase surface area allowing more ATP to be generated; contains ETC
Describe role of matrix in mitochondria
‘Cytoplasm’ of mitochondria; fluid containing needed enzymes
Describe difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions
Anabolic —> building of large molecules from smaller ones using energy
Catabolic —> breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy
What are uses of respiration?
- for metabolic reactions
- building complex carbohydrates, proteins and lipids from products of photosynthesis
- for movement, muscle contraction
- cell division
- moving molecules against concentration gradient
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
Describe process of glycolysis
1- Phosphorylation; phosphates from 2 ATPs added to glucose to make hexose bisphosphate (6C)
2- Lysis; broken down into 2 triose phosphates (3C, 1P)
3- Phosphorylation; addition of phosphates to each triose phosphates forming triose bisphosphate (3C, 2P)
4- Dehydrogenation, two triose bisphosphates oxidised by removing H ions forming 2 pyruvate molecules (3C)
- H ions accepted by coenzyme NAD, reducing it
- Phosphates removed from triose bisphosphate, making 4 ATPs
- Pyruvate and NAD move into mitochondria
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
Generates ATP without ETC or ATP synthase (chemiosmosis)
