glycolysis Flashcards
what is the equation for respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O and ATP
where does glycolysis take place
does it require oxygen?
-occurs in the cytoplasm
-doesn’t require oxygen= anaerobic process
what is the overall purpose of glycolysis
breaks down glucose (6 carbon molecule) into pyruvate (3C) by oxidation
-produces small amount of ATP
explain the first stage of glycolysis: phosphorylation
-glucose (6C) is phosphorylated by the addition of 2 phosphates onto C1 and C6
-this forms hexose bisphosphate
-2 phosphates came from 2 ATP molecules that were hydrolysed to ADP
-this activates glucose
explain stage 2 of glycolysis: lysis
-hexose bisphosphate is split into 2 molecules = triose phosphate (3C)
explain stage 3 of glycolysis: dehydrogenation
-triose phosphateis oxidised by removal of 2 hydrogen atoms and their electrons = hydrogen accepter NAD accepts H atoms and is reduced = reduced NAD/ NADH
-4 molecules of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation formed, 2 reduced NAD and 2 pyruvate from glucose
what are the substrates of gylcolysis
-glucose
-2 NAD
-2 ADP + Pi
what are the products/ overall yield of glycolysis
-2 pyruvate
-2 reduced NAD/ NADH2
-2 ATP
why is the overall yield of glycolysis 2 ATP
-4 ATP are produced but 2 are used to activate the glucose at the start of glycolysis
where does reduced NAD go after being produced in glycolysis
goes to inner mitochondrial membrane/ cristae to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
carrying hydrogen
where does pyruvate go after being produced by glycolysis
-into matrix for link reaction via symport
-or if no O2 present= not transported at turns into lactate or ethanol in cytoplasm
why must glucose be phosphorylated before being split into two 3C molecules
-it activates it
