exam Q's

Question 1

outline the process of glycolysis

Answer 1

-phosphorylation of glucose
-so forming hexose bisphosphate
-then splitting into 2 triose phosphates
-dehydrogenation/ oxidation/ formation of reduced NAD
-Pyruvate produced from TP
-total production 4 ATP / net production of 2 ATP

Question 2

describe the production of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation in different stages of respiration with reference to the number of ATP molecules

Answer 2

-2 from glycolysis (total 4 but 2 used up so net 2)
-when trios bisphosphate is converted to pyruvate
-1 ATP per turn of the Krebs cycle
-when 5-carbon compound is converted to 4-carbon compound oxaloacetate

Question 3

muscle cells contain mitochondria with many critae

explain the advantage of the mitochondria containing many cristae

Answer 3

-larger surface area for oxidative phosphorylation
-provides ATP for contraction

Question 4

malnate is a substance that inhibits one of the reactions in the krebs cycle
explain why malnate decreases oxygen uptake in a respiring cell

Answer 4

-less reduced NAD so less electrons for electron transport chain
-oxygen is the final acceptor

Question 5

explain why the conversion of pyruvate is important in allowing continued ATP production

Answer 5

-allows NAD to be reformed
-so that glycolysis can continue