glycolysis Flashcards
What kind of metabolic process is glycolysis?
a catabolic process that converts 1 molecule of glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules
what are the 2 major products from glycolysis?
ATP and NADH
what kind of metabolic process is glycogen synthesis?
an anabolic process
-glycogenolysis
what happens to glucose that is not converted to pyruvate?
it is stored as glycogen
what is gluconeogenesis?
an anabolic process that converts pyruvate to glucose
is glycolysis an aerobic or anaerobic process?
it can occur in both conditions
how many reactions are there in glycolysis?
10 enzyme catalyzed rxn’s
where does glycolysis occur?
in the cytosol
what are the 2 stages of glycolysis?
energy investment
-glucose needs to be acitvated
-ATP consumed
-involves 6C sugars
energy payout
-enegry harvested from ATP
-NADH generated
-involves 3C sugars
what kinds of steps are regulated?
irriversible reactions
what enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis? what does it do?
hexokinase
-converts glucose into glucose 6-phosphate (adds a phosphate group)
what enzyme catalyzes the third step of glycolysis? what does it do?
phosphokinase-1 (PFK-1)
-converts fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (addition of another phosphate group)
what enzyme catalyzes the 6th step of glycolysis? what does it do?
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3P dehydrogenase)
-converts glyceraldehye 3-phosphate into 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (addition of phosphate)
what enzyme catalyzes the 10th step of glycolysis? what does it do?
pyruvate kinase
-converts phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate
what is made after the energy investment stage of glycolysis? how many ATP are used?
glucose –> GAP (x2)
-2 ATP are needed per glucose molecule
is the rxn catalyzed by hexokinase regulated? coupled? reversible? what kind of reaction is it?
step 1 in glycolysis
-irreversible
-regulated
-coupled (ATP used)
-high energy molecule consumed
-phosphate transfer rxn
in step 2 of glycolysis what occurs?
a reversible isomerization reaction of glucose
6-phosphate to fructose
6-phosphate
-not coupled
-not regulated
-adehyde to ketone
is the rxn catalyzed by PFK-1 regulated? coupled? reversible? what kind of reaction is it?
-regulated (rate limiting**)
-irreversible
-coupled (ATP) used
-phosphate transfer rxn
what is the rate limiting step in glycolysis?
step 3; conversion of F6P to
F-1,6BP
-regulated by PFK-1
what occurs in the 4th step of glycolysis?
A reversible lysis reaction that converts Fructose 1,6-BP to DHAP and GAP
-not regulated
-not coupled
-lysis rxn
what occurs after the 4th step (lysis) in glycolysis?
DHAP must be converted into GAP in order to form 2 GAP molecules
-reversible
-isomerization
-not regulated
-not coupled
what is the overall reaction in the energy payout stage? how maby ATP are made?
2 GAP –> 2 pyruvate
4 ATP are made for every glucose molecule
What kind of reaction occurs in step 6 of glycolysis?
a reversible oxidation reaction that converts GAP to 1,3-BPG
-catalyzed by GAPDH
- energy capture step
-produces NADH
-phosphate addition NOT transfer
-1,3-BPG is a high energy intermediate
what makes 1,3-BPG a high energy intermediate?
it has a large phosphate transfer potential