Glycolysis

Question 1

Step 1

Answer 1

• A phosphate group is transferred from ATP to glucose, making glucose-6-phosphate
• Irreversible
• Hexokinase is enzyme used

Question 2

Step 2

Answer 2

• Glusoe-6-phosphate is converted into its isomer, fructose-6-phosphate
• Phosphoglucose isomerase enzyme used

Question 3

Step 3

Answer 3

-Phosphate group transferred from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate, making fructose-1,6-biphosphate
-Irreversible and rate limiting step
-Catalyzed by enzyme phosphofructokinase

Question 4

Step 4

Answer 4

-Fructose-1,6-biphosphate splits into two three carbon sugars: dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde phosphate, isomers
-Only glyceraldehyde can continue in glycolysis pathway

Question 5

Step 5

Answer 5

DHAP is converted to glyceraldehyde phosphate

Question 6

Step 6

Answer 6

-Two half reactions occur simultanesouly, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH and H+
-This exergonic reaction is used to phosphorylate the molecule, turning it into 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
-Catalyzed by the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 7

Step 7

Answer 7

-1,3-biphosphoglycerate donates one phosphate to form an ATP molecule, turns into 3-phosphoglycerate
-Catalyzed by the phosphoglycerate kinase

Question 8

Step 8

Answer 8

-3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate
-catalyzed by enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase

Question 9

Step 9

Answer 9

-2-phosphoglycerate loses a molecule of water, becoming phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
-PEP is an unstable molecule
-Catalyzed by the enzyme enolase

Question 10

Step 10

Answer 10

-PEP donates its phosphate group to an ADP, which converts PEP into a pyruvate molecule
-Catalyzed by enzyme pyruvate kinase

Question 11

End product of glycolysis

Answer 11

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate