Glycolysis Flashcards
Is ATP an unstable compund?
no
what is required to break down ATP?
enzymes
what is formed during respiration?
NADH
is there a direct flow of electrons between glucose and oxygen?
no
how do electrons flow during glycolysis?
via carrier molecule NADH and through the electron transport chain
what is NADH?
NAD^+ plus one proton = NADH = the reduced form of NAD^+
what is the process of glycolysis?
where glucose is broken down into two separate pyruvate molecules
what is the net gain of NADH during glycolysis?
2
what is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
2
how many sugars does glucose have?
6
how many sugars does a pyruvate molecule have?
3
where does glycolysis take place?
the cytosol
how is the ATP synthesised?
substrate level phosphorylation
how does substrate level phosphorylation work?
it is catalysed by a series of enzymes
the substrate is phosphorylated by an enzyme and the Pi is transferred to the ADP attached to the enzyme forming ATP.
when is glycolysis essential and why?
it is essential during intense excersize as it is a fast reaction that doesn’t require oxygen.
what happens to pyruvate if oxygen is present?
the pyruvate will move into the mitochondria
what proteins are present in the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
components of the electron transport chain
ATP synthase
how many membranes does the mitochondria have?
2
what are the layers of the mitochondrial membrane?
the outer membrane
the inter-membrane
the inner membrane
the matrix
what is a key feature of the mitochondria’s inner membrane?
it is impermeable to proteins
what happens to pyruvate in the mitochondria?
it is converted from a 3 carbon sugar to a 2 carbon sugar by means of decarboxylation and NADH is formed.
how can the glycolytic pathway be used and improved by biologists?
the Warberg effect - some cancerous cells will convert pyruvate into lactate even if O2 is present, scientists believe that disrupting this effect may disrupt cancer growth.
