Glycolyis Flashcards
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
in the cytoplasm
Is glycolysis an aeorbic or anaerobic proces?
anaerobic, independent of O2
How many ATPs are used in the ATP investment stage 1 of glycolysis?
2 ATP
How many ATP are gained in stage 2 of glycolysis ?
4 ATP
Is glycolysis a net exergonic or net endergonic process in cells at standard conditions?
net exergonic
What are the three far from eq rxns of glycolysis?
hexokinase (1st), phosphofructokinase-1(3rd), pyruvate kinase (10th)
What is the difference between far from eq and near eq reactions?
far from eq have very large change in delta G, near eq reactions don’t have a large gap (delta G equations near zero)
Glycolysis Reaction 1
hexokinase- turns glucose to glucose-6-P (G6P) by adding phosphryl group on the 6th carbon
What is does the phosphate group added to glucose?
it makes glucose, an already highly polar molecule, more polar so it doesn’t freely go out of the cell
How does an hexokinase an example of the induced fit model?
when glucose and ATP bind, ADP is released and G6P is formed which goes to down regulate hexokinase activity by binding to the regulator binding site rendering if inactive
What kind of reactions is hexokinase?
phophorylation, far from equilibrium
Gycolysis reaction 2
phosphoglucoisomerase: Glucose-6-P –> fructose-6-P
-converts 6-membered ring to 6 membered ring (both still have 6 carbons)
-6C aldose –> 6C ketose
-isomerization, near eq
Glycolysis reaction 3
phophofructokinase-1: Fructose-6-P –> Fructose-1,6-BP
-ATP investment rxn
-makes 6C ketone
bisphosphorylation
when you have 2 phosphate groups in a molecule and the phophate groups are not attached to each other
Glycolysis 4
aldose: frutose-1,6-BP –> dihydroxyacetone-P + glyceraldehyde
-aldol cleavage reaction
-glyceraldehyde ready to go on to the next reaction
-near eq
-dihydroxyacetone-P not ready to go
-Q must be less than one for the reaction to be spontaneous
